The Effects of Mainstreaming and Inclusion in Our Schools

The Effects of Mainstreaming and Inclusion in our Schools Students with special needs are mainstreaming and inclusion into regular classrooms everyday in American schools across the country. The subject of mainstreaming and inclusion in the school system is often debated. Debates can become heated and both sides feel strongly about their views when deciding where students who are labeled as â€Å"special† should be placed. Children who start out in Special Education classes should be given the chance to mainstream into regular classrooms. Children with disabilities still have rights in school system regardless of their physical or mental capabilities. They are entitled to an education within the school system and can further our society.†¦show more content†¦Parents of children who are mainstreaming can be filled with many emotions. These parents are excited and happy that their children have made the progress in order to be placed in a regular classroom yet they are also filled with fear. They are afraid that their c hild may be treated differently and not accepted. Mainstreaming or Inclusion into a regular classroom is a great milestone for these special children. It is one that should be celebrated yet not everyone is willing to see it that way. â€Å"Parents of children with special needs frequently hear debates about inclusion--most often referring to whether or not their child should attend a classroom, a school or even a summer camp that is designed for typically developing children†¦The dilemma is that in order for many of these children to continue to progress, they need to be in the presence of typical peers who can model appropriate language, social skills and play skills. Often they require an in-class tutor or therapist, trained behaviorally and knowledgeably about the child’s skill level and modes of skill acquisition. Some school districts don’t allow a non-district paraprofessional in the classroom, and most don’t want to pay for one, even if they do allow it, thus spawning a wave of contested hearing and litigation† (Blacher, 2005). When the decision is made to mainstream or inclusionShow MoreRelatedEducational Education And Special Education1556 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Foundation for People with Learning Disabilities, 89% of children with moderate learning difficulties, 24% of children with severe learning difficulties and 18% of children with profound multiple learning difficulties are educated in mainstream schools. Something so prevalent must surely be effective. However, that is not always the case. It’s disheartening watching these mainstreamed students struggle socially and academically. Either looked over or coddled by general education teachers; teachersRead More Research Paper1375 Words   |  6 Pagesthat all students in a school, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, become part of the school community. They are included in the feeling of belonging among other students, teachers, and support staff. The educational practice known as, full inclusion may have negative effe cts on the self-esteem of a special needs child. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also known as Public Law94-142. Before this law came into effect many children with disabilitiesRead MoreH. Research Paper.1378 Words 6 Pages. Research Paper. Inclusive1389 Words   |  6 Pagesthat all students in a school, regardless of their strengths or weaknesses in any area, become part of the school community. They are included in the feeling of belonging among other students, teachers, and support staff. The educational practice known as, full inclusion may have negative effects on the self-esteem of a special needs child. In 1975, Congress passed the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, also known as Public Law94-142. Before this law came into effect many children with disabilitiesRead MoreMainstreaming Of Children With Disabilities1286 Words   |  6 PagesMainstreaming of Children with Disabilities One of the most important factors in a well, social functioning child with a disability is education. Proper education will offer a child the opportunity to be successful on a higher level than a child without an education. When a child enters the school system they are entering in an environment that is unfamiliar and challenging. Children with physical disabilities and lack of full cognitive reasoning, sense their differences around other childrenRead MoreMainstreaming Special Needs Children1627 Words   |  7 PagesThe Positive Advantages to Mainstreaming Special Needs Children In an ideal world all children would be born without disabilities. This idea is not possible though and sometimes children are born with special needs. The child could have only one disability or several. A disability can be mild and treated with medication or the disability can be severe and the child will need constant supervision. Once the child becomes of age to attend school, the issue of whether or not to place the child in aRead MoreEvaluating The Best Educational Placement For Children With Special Educational Needs Essay1772 Words   |  8 Pagesand weaknesses. The current special education system determines the placement for these students in accordance with the recommendation of the child’s educational team. This group is made up of parents, educators and administrators from the child’s school district, as well as administrators from an alternative schooling option if applicable (Ohio Department of Education). The team is unique to each student and has the goal ensuring a â€Å"Free Appropriate Public Education† (FAPE) for the student in theRead MoreThe Fight for Bilingual Education and Women’s Rights in the 1960s and 1970s959 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights movement, during the 1960s and 1970s, created many changes for both American society and its schools. The transformations were the result of such movements as Bilingual Education, women’s’ rights activity, and the passing of the Public Law 94-142 legislation. The incorporation of these new laws and ideas into society all came with their own consequences. Each of them helped, in some way, to lessen the inequality of minority groups in America, like students whose primary languageRead MoreThe Formation Of Effective Education2181 Words   |  9 PagesThe formation of effective education is crucial to the long term development of our society. Education has benefits that have been used widely in the past to make a positive impact in our community. There has been economic benefits by creating workers, political benefits by creating informed voters, and even sexual health benefits by promoting safer sex. So why not educate the next generations about individuals who have special needs? A major issue today is the lack of overall social acceptanceRead MoreEssay about Full Inclusion in US Classrooms766 Words   |  4 Pageswere sent to be educated in residential institutions or asylums. (Issues about Change) Parents and family of those with disabilities put pressure on our government and legislation to develop and provide equal access to education by way of mainstreaming or special education. Section 504 of Public Law 93-112 pa ssed in 1973 had far reaching effect on exclusion and discrimination. (Gollnick and Chinn p. 168) This law did for those with disabilities that Title IX did for females and education; itRead MoreInclusion is Not a One Size Fits All Solution1697 Words   |  7 Pagescommonly termed as mainstreaming or integration. Inclusion is â€Å"the act or practice of including students with disabilities in regular school classes† as defined in Websters dictionary (Webster, 2003). Ro Vargo was fortunate enough to have parents who closely monitored the learning environment and advocated for their daughter. They followed her education each step of the way. She continued to build on positive responses and outcomes during her educational experiences of inclusion to build her resiliency

Benefits Of Technology In Education - 1094 Words

No one can deny that technology is becoming a major portion of daily life. The use of technology is impacting the use of medicine, transportation, and work in an unprecedented way allowing for innovations to happen daily. With such rapid expansion, it did not take long for technology to spread into the classroom. Technology started influencing lectures with power points, videos, games, and supplemental material that enhance the grasp of specific concepts to allow for more than one means of learning. But is this wide acceptance of technology something that will benefit learning for all students? Success stories are cited from Wales, where an adaptive electronic learning platform brought down failure rates from 37% to 7% (Kurshan). But†¦show more content†¦Now this technological classroom was not always feasible due to the potential cost. However, with more technological innovations happening to make things like computers and phones faster, the cost tends to go down. One can f ind a model older version of a laptop that is sufficient for school use for a much lower cost than release. This would allow schools to have laptops and tablets for students to use for those that cannot afford one. A rental policy could also be put in place to take the laptop home with an inexpensive mobile network tool in order to provide internet access to complete online/technological assignments at home. This would especially be effective in lower-income family homes to ensure every student has an equal opportunity to succeed. However, there is opposition to the incorporation of technology. This concern stems mostly from weighing the pros and cons of efficient learning with quality learning. Apple states that an over-reliance in technology creates people not skilled in any other area (qtd. in Kemp 2014). What this means is that while there is an abundance of knowledge available, it takes away the human aspect of being a good teacher and giving a whole understanding of a topic (K emp 6). Perhaps the criticisms for technology being used is a question of human nature. This is apparent in the concern thatShow MoreRelatedTechnology Benefits Education : Technology2523 Words   |  11 PagesRyan James English 2/3/2015 Senior Paper Technology Benefits Education Technology is on the rise, as technology increases in the world and becomes the most used element students are still told to use the old style of learning. As a student myself technology would have been extremely beneficial to us as students making reports, essays, projects, and etc much easier. Students of the twenty-first century have the capability to use such technology, making schooling and learning a much more enjoyableRead MoreBenefits Of Technology In Education1761 Words   |  8 PagesIn the world of education, there are always new strategies and tools to help promote student motivation, engagement, and learning. It is important to find ways to reach all students who have unique needs and learning abilities. Not only has technology changed the world, but has created new tools that can be incorporated into the classroom to bring learning to life. There are new forms of communication, research, interactive resources, tools, and activities that incorporate technology into les sons thatRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On Education : The Benefits Of Technology1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Benefits of Technology in Education According to Thomas Jefferson, â€Å"If the children are untaught, their ignorance and vices will in future life cost us much dearer in their consequences than it would have done in their correction by a good education†(Vasudeva).Technology has impacted every aspect of life and education is no exception (Purdue). The education process has evolved as more people make use of technological devices and so education no longer starts or ends in the classroom. TechnologyRead MoreSpecial Education And The Benefits Of Technology1639 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education and the Benefits of Technology in the Classroom Special Education is a type of instruction designed to help disabled and gifted children use their full learning abilities. Many special needs children work in regular classrooms for most of the school day. These students also work with specially trained teachers for part of each school day. These teachers work with helping them to overcome their disabilities. These sessions are usually held in a classroom called a resource roomRead MoreThe Benefits Of Emerging Education Technology819 Words   |  4 Pagesof these units(Emerging Education Technologies). It is certain that this technology will excite children and students to learn new subjects by giving them the opportunity to explore unfamiliar locations, being introduced to future occupations one may pursue, and visually allowing the student to see, and experience, a hands on approach in classes (Staff, TeachThought). Giving students the option to virtually travel to places they have never been before is an enormous benefit because very few peopleRead MoreTeaching Benefits : Education Technology2105 Words   |  9 Pages Teaching Benefits: Technology in education is a major advancement that provides a different approach to help professors to facilitate the teaching process to students. Technology makes it possible to be creative in presenting information effectively. Faculty now can take advantage of the presentation software and electronic communication in their lectures to create a learning environment that is efficient and effective. Presentation software and electronic communication further breaks down intoRead MoreThe Benefits and Challenges of Emerging Technologies in Distance Education641 Words   |  3 PagesI decided to research the benefits and challenges of emerging technologies in distance education for interaction and collaboration. The first report I read was written by Dr. Michael G. Moore, Web 2.0: Does It Really Matter? In this editorial Dr. Moore discusses emerging technologies and how they are â€Å"being adopted voraciously by â€Å"digital natives† who have grown up with the Internet. Moore concludes that â€Å"social networking should make constructivist, collaborative knowledge-making more naturalRead MoreBenefits Of Higher Education At The Information Technology Field1009 Words   |  5 Pagespaper will discuss some benefits of higher education in the Information Technology field. Three possible career paths were researched; noting salary expectations and the number of available positions. The Information Technology industry accounts for only a small portion of the current job market. However, it is absolutely vital to virtually every industry. Technology moves forward so quickly that all businesses operating in today s global economy must rely on technology to remain relevant, regardlessRead MoreEssay about Bilingual education: The Benefits of Technology1834 Words   |  8 PagesBilingual education: The Benefits of Technology The topic of discussion will introduce how technology can benefit Bilingual education in classrooms across the United States. Alone, Bilingual education is a controversial issue. There are several people and organizations in this country who, for various reasons, are opposed to bilingual education. Minorities in the Classroom It is estimated that by the turn of the century up to 40 percent of the children in the nation’s classrooms willRead MoreBenefits Of Technology Being Used By Children Within Education900 Words   |  4 PagesSo far I have looked mostly at the benefits of technology being used by children within education and how it can help on several platforms and levels, but what about the negatives? Is the age of the screen more of a hindrance to our productivity and does this distract us from our learning?†¨In the 19th century when the system was designed, learning and schooling were the most interesting thing children did, there was very little distractions outside of learning besides friends and chores. Nowadays

Avoidance Approaches to Conflict Conflict Management

Question: Discuss about the Avoidance Approaches to Conflict of Conflict Management. Answer: Project Title Avoidance Approaches to Conflict Conflict resolution mode for an effective conflict management. Project Description The project explains the avoidance approach used in the conflict management. There are scenarios that are bound to happen during a project timeline wherein there is difference of opinion in the parties involved. When these parties fail to reach a consensus, conflict arises which may be due to difference in ideology, ethics, perception or any other reason. Project Aim The aim of the project is to understand the avoidance approach to conflict and also to determine the advantages and disadvantages associated with the same. Project Background Conflict is something that in inevitable, whether, in professional world or personal life. There are a number of approaches to deal with and manage the conflicts that arise during the timeline of the project. The approach to decide on the conflict management style is based upon a number of factors such as conflict intensity, number of parties involved, impact on the project and many more. One such conflict management style is the conflict avoidance. It suggests that the conflict must not be considered for management and the normal work cycle shall continue (Bercovitch, 2016). Research Questions Conflict is a scenario that is bound to appear at some point of time in a project. On one hand, avoidance approach to conflict attempts to create peace between the team members and the other parties involves, but on the other hand, it may result in a number of disadvantages as well. This is due to the fact that conflict avoided at one stage may grow and hamper the project progress at a later stage. The research on the topic attempts to find out the scenarios where avoidance to the conflict is favorable and the ones in which it may result as an issue (Roth Cohen, 2016). Significance of Conflict Avoidance Approaches used in Conflict Avoidance The decision of conflict avoidance is often not easy to make as it includes the possibility of dispute later on. Conflict avoidance mostly includes an attempt to achieve consensus by various techniques such as negotiation, mediation or conciliation. These help in understanding the intensity of the conflict and also allow the administration to understand the impact of the same in the later stage. Advantages of Conflict Avoidance There are a number of advantages that are associated with conflict avoidance which are as listed below: Proactive planning around the conflict avoidance and timely handling of the same will result in avoidance of the disputes which may slow down the project progress It helps in building of up the essential skills such as team spirit, cooperation and improved coordination as well Conflict avoidance allows the management to re-assess the progress and validation of the same against the requirements. It helps in understanding of the issues that were ignored earlier and also aids in risk assessment It aids in the effective project management along with improved client management (Gould, 2016)Disadvantages of Conflict Avoidance There are also a number of disadvantages that are associated with the avoidance approach to the conflicts. Negative individual behavior may result out from the conflict avoidance for the parties involved in the conflict. This is because the individuals may not feel that the justice has been done and the due importance has been given to the concerned issue. Conflict avoidance may allow the same conflict to emerge as a serious dispute in the project lifecycle and the same may become extremely difficult to resolve at an advanced stage. Project progress may also negatively suffer due to conflict avoidance (Hekman, 2016) Conditions where Conflict Avoidance must be adapted All the conflicts cannot be managed by the approach of conflict avoidance. However, there are a few conditions wherein this approach may prove beneficial. Scenarios wherein the relationship is highly valued and cannot be risked at any cost When the organization believes in harmony enhancement and is certain that conflict avoidance will not result in dispute in future (Tjoslold, 2016) When the impact of the conflict is low or negligible When there is a similar conflict already reported and is being managed by the administration Gantt Chart Team Charter Purpose Statement The purpose of the team is to decide on the conflict to be avoided or not. If yes, the team will also develop a strategy to perform and implement the same. SWOT Analysis Strengths The team has been a part of a number of projects to understand the impact and details associated with the conflict Efficient project management and client management techniques are applied Weaknesses The team may find it difficult to decide on the conflict involving third parties Opportunities Strengthening of the relationships between the team members of the project in which conflict has developed by improving skills such as team collaboration and cooperation Harmony enhancement Threats Conflict may appear as a dispute in the advanced stage Project progress may be compromised Team Process Management The team will rely upon emails and meetings for any sort of communication and will follow the process as defined below during the meetings: Advanced circulation of meeting agenda Following of code of conduct during the meeting Prior information by the team member in case of absence Recording of the minutes of meeting by the team members in a round robin fashion (www.teamhelper.com, 2016) Roles and Responsibilities Project Sponsor: Responsible for funding the project and providing with the list of conflicts on which the decision has to be made Project Manager: Responsible for providing project deliverables and allocating the resources Senior Advisor: Responsible for analyzing and evaluating the conflicts Senior Associate: Responsible for assisting the senior advisor and project manager Communication Resource: Responsible for circulating the decision on the conflict to all the concerned parties. References Bercovitch, J. (2016). CONFLICT AND CONFLICT MANAGEMENT IN ORGANIZATIONS: A FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSIS. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://legacy.earlham.edu/~chriss/ConflictRes/pdf%20files/Conflict.Conflict%20Management%20in%20Organizations.pdf Gould, N. (2016). Con ict avoidance and dispute resolution. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.fenwickelliott.com/files/nick_gould_-_conflict_avoidance_and_dispute_resolution.indd_.pdf healthnet.org,. (2016). Conflict Management. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.healthnet.org.np/downloads/manual/Conflict_management.pdf Hekman, K. (2016). The Hidden Costs of Conflict Avoidance. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.hekmangroup.com/articles/CArticle_HiddenCostConflictAvoid.pdf Roth, S. Cohen, L. (2016). Approach, Avoidance, and Coping With Stress. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.455.6019rep=rep1type=pdf Tjoslold, D. (2016). UNDERSTANDING CONFLICT AVOIDANCE: RELATIONSHIP, MOTIVATIONS, ACTIONS, AND CONSEQUENCES (1st ed.). Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235261470_Understanding_conflict_avoidance_Relationship_motivations_actions_and_consequences www.teamhelper.com,. (2016). Team Charter. Retrieved 27 July 2016, from https://www.teamhelper.com/sample/TC_GuideSample.pdf

Steve jobs free essay sample

Every person faces challenges, but it’s how we respond to them defines who we are. Challenges help a person see a side of them that they never thought they would see. I believe in Horace idea that adversity in our lives helps draw out the talents of our own selves that would have been inactive if there weren’t any challenges. Challenges create new experiences; new experiences draw out new talents. There are so many great examples of people who had to overcome obstacles in their life in order to find their own talent, but one of my favorite examples is Steve Jobs. Jobs was a college student who did not want to conform to the social norms of going to college. Steve Jobs wanted to find out who he really is, and eventually ended up in a major problem where he was in a financial strain and had no idea where he was going with his life. We will write a custom essay sample on Steve jobs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Without a proper education and money he fell into a great amount of stress. What eventually drew out his true talent was when he and Steve Wozniak created their own company. He learned that the secret to his success was his ability to trust people. His trust allowed him to continue to Wozniak with the creation of Apple and expanding it into a company that would make billions of dollars. If it weren’t for him being in a stressful situation, he wouldn’t have learned that he was a trusting person. It was his ability to trust himself and others around him that allowed for him to continue his pursuit of advancing computer technology. If Steve Jobs was always successful in life, and always had things done the way he wanted it to happen, then there would be no need for him being a trusting person. He wouldn’t need to rely on others for his fate. If it weren’t for the obstacles he faced in life, Steve Jobs would have never been the same person was. Another person that learned about his talents was Beethoven. Beethoven faced probably one of the hardest adversities on a lover of music, deafness. Beethoven always loved to listen to music, but had a significant hearing problem. He had begun to lose his hearing very rapidly until he finally couldn’t hear anymore. It was hard for him to explain to people that he was deaf, which made him look weird in society. This caused Beethoven to become very depressed. He came out of depression by expressing his emotions and feeling through music. He began to write music that described how he felt at that moment. He realized that he was an excellent music writer, and eventually began to become very famous for his writings. This is shown as people of this generation, whether old or young, know who Beethoven is and what he did. If Beethoven hadn’t been deaf, then he would have not needed to express his depression through the use of writing music. Beethoven faced challenges, but it was how he responded to those challenges that exposed him to his hidden talents. Although both Steve Jobs and Beethoven are famous examples of how adversity brings about hidden talents, everyone has adversity, and everyone finds hidden talents about themselves one way or another. My friend Alexis never imagined that she would play lacrosse. She only thought of playing it just a couple of moths ago, and only practiced for a couple of months. She came to tryout and realized that she was a very good player and was picked to play on the Varsity team for Blake High School. She was shocked that she was really good at it. But she had to face challenges in order to realize that she could play that good. She was in a strain, as she wanted to find an extracurricular activity in order to impress colleges, as throughout her high school years she had done no extra curricular activities. It was her junior year, so she had to find something quick. If it weren’t her stress to find a sport to play she wouldn’t have ever come to the idea of paying lacrosse. She not only was able to play it, but also was one of the best players on the team. Although, not everyone can become a big hit such as Steve Jobs and Beethoven, everybody has hidden talents in them that can only be found when in times of adversity. Everyone faces challenges, and it is the challenge that exposes us to our hidden challenges. If we were perfect, then there would be nothing to find. But since we face challenges, we have to face those challenges that bring about a side to us that we probably have never seen. It’s the experience that allows us to find our hidden talents. That is why I believe that adversity brings about a persons hidden talent, while if we were perfect they would have been inactive. Steve Jobs free essay sample In this ever growing, rapid developing world as we can see today, there are many different successful leaders. As we know it, leaders are humans just like everyone else. How did they manage to stand out from the crowd? What did they do to achieve great success for an organization? As of all the successful leaders in the world, Steve Jobs is one of the successful leaders that managed to achieve great success for an organization. Therefore, Steve Jobs is the leader that I personally admire and would like to emulate. According to Gallo (2011, p. 4), Jobs was named the best-performing CEO in the world by the Harvard Business Review. Jobs was given the title as he delivered â€Å"a whopping 3188% industry adjusted return (34% compounded annually) after he rejoined Apple. †(Gallo 2011, p. 4). The key traits that made Jobs an aspiring leader was that he was able to think out of the box and he was also willing to try new challenges thus, taking risks. We will write a custom essay sample on Steve Jobs or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is said because as said by Gallo (2011, p. 5), Jobs originated the development of some of the sexiest Apple products yet such as the iMacs, iPhones, iPads, MacBooks and not forgetting the iPods. Jobs took the risk of not knowing whether it would make or break the company, but he did it anyway. In the end, as we all know the result, Jobs succeeded. As quoted by Arrington (cited in Gallo 2011, p. 5), â€Å"your world would look a lot different had Jobs not been in it: We’d likely still be in mobile phone hell. † â€Å"Without Steve Jobs, the world would be a less colourful place† (Arrington cited in Gallo 2011, p. 5). Therefore, I personally admire and look up to Steve Jobs as he contributed change to the world in technology. Not only that, other quality that made Jobs an inspiring leader is that he never gave up on doing a task even when he faced problems. As stated by Gallo (2011, p. 29), â€Å"inventors are, by definition, failures. They fail far more often than they succeed. † This shows that Jobs, just like every other person has failed many times but he differed from the rest as he was determine and persistent to succeed. He never gave up. Furthermore, there are seven principles that Steve Jobs live by, which made him a successful leader that he was. First of all, principle 1 states â€Å"Do What You Love† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Jobs did exactly that and went by instinct to follow his heart in what he did. Jobs also never allowed anyone to get in his way of doing what he loves best. (2011, p. 10) Thus, by doing this, Jobs managed to stand out from the crowd. Moving on to principle 2, it stipulates to â€Å"Put a Dent in the Universe† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). The meaning of this principle is to make a stand in the world. Jobs together with all those who support and saw things the same light, helped him make his vision a complete success (2011, p. 10). For the third principle, it says â€Å"Kick-Start Your Brain† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). As this is mentioned, it is said that creativity brings out the best in creating an innovation (2011, p. 10). Jobs refer to creativity as â€Å"the art of connecting things† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Next, the forth principle is â€Å"Sell Dreams, Not Products† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Jobs does not consider Apple buyers as consumers (2022, p. 10). Instead, he says they are ones with big hopes and dreams (2011, p. 10). Therefore, he creates products to make their dream come true (2011, p. 10). Principle 5 states â€Å"Say No to 1,000 Things† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). Saying no to 1000 things is meant by Jobs to leave out all the unnecessary so things would be precise (2011, p. 10). In Jobs eyes, the simpler the product is, the more sophisticated it may be (2011, p. 10). The sixth principle that Jobs live by is â€Å"Create Insanely Great Experiences† (Gallo 2011, p. 10). This being said, Jobs established The Apple Store and it has now become the world’s best retail shop (2011, p. 10). It is the best in customer service (2011, p. 10). Last but not least, Principle 7 states â€Å"Master the Message† (Gallo 2011, p. 11). This is meant by Steve Jobs to be able to voice out and present his product to the public well (2011, p. 11). You can have the best idea of all time, but if you fail to convey your idea to the world, it would be a waste (2011, p. 11). Hence, these are the seven principles and the core principles that Jobs lived by to be a successful and inspiring leader. I personally admire Steve Jobs as he is one that does things in a very systematic manner which lead him to his success. Talking about success, in a YouTube video by Jandafrique (2009), it shows Jobs himself explaining the rules of success. In the video, Jobs quoted, â€Å"You got to love it, you got to have passion†. I strongly agree to what Steve Jobs had said because to succeed, you need to be passionate about what you are doing. A given task would not be a burden to one if that particular one loved their job. They would enjoy doing every bit of it if they love doing it, therefore making everything simpler and faster to accomplish. Other than that,†No matter how smart you are, you need a team of great people† (Jobs cited in Jandafrique 2009) was also quoted by Jobs. One cannot open an organization and work alone to be successful. It would almost be impossible. As quoted by John Heywood, â€Å"many hands make light work. † Therefore, this shows the ways and traits in which made Jobs an inspiring man. One of the leadership traits that Jobs go by is his very own saying, â€Å"stay hungry, stay foolish† (Jash, n. d. ). The meanings in which I interpreted from the quote, is that one should always be looking out and have never ending questions to a matter. No question is a stupid question. By questioning, only then one will be able to come up with something even better than what has already existed. Jobs did this and that is what made him an inspiring and successful leader. Some of the personal skills that Jobs was good at as said by Kayney (2009, p. 39) is that he is excellent in product development. This statement can be proven as Jobs invented products from the Apple iPods, iPhones and the Macs (2009, p. 39). This shows that Jobs has the flair in inventing new products (2009, p. 39). Besides that, Jobs is also great at presenting products. As this is one of his key traits, Jobs comes out to the public to present the new product to the world (2009, p. 39). Last by not least, Jobs has the ability to negotiate (2009, p. 39). This is said to be because Jobs was able to influence five major music record labels to market their music on iTunes and also negotiate with Disney to present Pixar movies (2009, p. 39). As we have learnt in this module, from Mitzberg (cited in Robbins S. , DeCenzo D. , Coulter M. 2013, p. 32) being a negotiator is one of the decision making roles that a leader or manager should have. This mentioned, it is proven that Jobs is a successful leader as he attains the qualities of a negotiator. In a nutshell, I personally admire and chose to emulate Steve Jobs as one of the most successful and inspiring leaders because he brought change to the world of technology as well as business. Steve Jobs is one of the many leaders that most people look up to. Not only that, Jobs is also one who is very persistent and he never gave up when he failed. This trait is very important as it shows the endurance level of one. If Jobs were to give up easily, the world would not be what it is today. Moreover, Jobs was an inspiring leader because he lived by the 7 principles that lead him to success. Other than that, Jobs was also always finding new ways to innovate and create new products. He made people’s dreams come true. Besides the fact that he is he was a great leader, Jobs had a plus point where he was really good at negotiating with people. This is a trait that all leaders and managers should have as it is important. Therefore, this shows the key traits in which that are portrayed in Steve Jobs which lead him to be a successful and an inspiring figure to the world.

13 Successful People Who Overcame Homelessness

13 Successful People Who Overcame Homelessness People so often make assumptions about what homelessness is and means and who falls victim to it. Similarly, they make opposite assumptions about success. Before you decide you know what either means in life, consider this list of rich and famous people who formerly struggled with homelessness. 1. J LoWhen Jennifer Lopez left her mother’s house when she was 18 to become a dancer and lived on her own, some nights sleeping on a cot in a dance studio until she caught her big break.2. Steve JobsYou might not realize that Steve Jobs was a college dropout. He was also homeless for a brief period, having relinquished his dorm room. Leaving college was ultimately the right call for him, but he did have to spend a while collecting soda bottles to be able to afford to buy food for himself.3. JewelJewel lived out of her car as a teenager, and only pulled herself out of that situation when she got her first record deal.4. Sylvester StalloneBefore Rocky, the film star found himself homeles s and had to sell his dog for $50. After he sold the script, he bought his best friend back for $3,000.5. Halle BerryWhen struggling to make it as an actress, Halle Berry spent time in a homeless shelter. She went on to win an Academy Award.6. Chris PrattChris Pratt reportedly spent time living out of a van in Hawaii until he launched his career with Cursed Part 3. 7. Jim CarreyMaybe his great sense of humor comes from the fact that he and his family lived in a VW bus they parked all throughout Canada when he dropped out of high school. They even spent a while living in a tent on his sister’s lawn with their van parked in her driveway.8. Dr. PhilMr. Self Help himself was once homeless, and living in a car with his father in Kansas City as his father completed an internship in psychology.9. Suze OrmanWould you believe the financial self help star was homeless for four months in 1973 and lived out of her car? She’s worth about $35 million now.10. Daniel CraigBond, James Bond used to have to sleep on park benches when he was a struggling actor in London. He’s now 46 and worth over $65 million.11. Ella FitzgeraldElla had some very hard times as a young woman. And indeed was homeless for a period of time just before she headlined at the Apollo theatre in Harlem and debuting her career in 1934.12. Hillary SwankWhen she moved to LA to start her acting career, she and her mother slept in their car.13. Kelly ClarksonThe American Idol star lost her first LA apartment to a fire and had to live out of her car or in shelters before her big audition.

UtopiaModel or reality essays

UtopiaModel or reality essays In his famous work Utopia, Sir Thomas More describes the society and culture of an imaginary island on which all social ills have been cured. As in Platos Republic, a work from which More drew while writing Utopia, Mores work presents his ideas through a dialogue between two characters, Raphael Hythloday and More himself. Hythloday is a fictional character who describes his recent voyage to the island of Utopia. Throughout the work, Hythloday describes the laws, customs, system of government, and way of life that exist on Utopia to an incredulous and somewhat condescending More. Throughout the work, Hythloday presents a society organized to overcome the flaws of human nature. This society has been carefully thought out by More-as the author of the work-to help avoid the problems associated with human nature. Individual human appetites are controlled and balanced against the needs of the community as a whole. In other words, More attempts to describe a society in which the seven deadly sins are counterbalanced by other motivations set up by the government and society as a whole. I believe that by providing the answer to the timeless question of overcoming mans inherent evils in such a way More creates a perfect society to be modeled after. Many of the ideals in Mores Utopia are, as the name implies, based on ideal situations and not reality. They would work well in a civilization of automatons, but would be abolished quickly in a human situation. Nevertheless, we can apply the ideals held by the Utopians to our own societies since the ideals themselves are attainable even if a perfect society is not. More seems to think that the seven deadly sins will be fairly easy to overcome. Pride, for instance, is counterbalanced in several ways in his social system. For instance, he makes sure that all people wear the same clothing, except that the different genders wear different styles, as do married and unmarrie...

The True Crime Book Publishing Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

The True Crime Book Publishing Industry - Essay Example The first is the obsession with death. The second is the obsession with the human capacity for evil, the ability to wreak destruction and chaos and take lives, fates, into mortal hands.3 Reflecting upon these two factors, anthropologists and psychologists have argued a very interesting thesis. The monsters which populate works of literature, pulp fiction, urban legends, myths and fairytales, are not the un-human creatures they are depicted as but metaphorical representations of the inhuman human.4 The historical inability to confront and acknowledge the capacity for evil which resides within man, to accept that the mysterious deaths and disappearances which have shocked communities over the centuries are, indeed the doing of men, not of un-human creatures, the collective imagination sought the creation of the monster-myth as a protective device against this reality.5 With the evolution of the media (the mass communication of messages) whether through the songs of the troubadours who roamed towns and villages, or the printing of the written word acknowledgement of the inhumanity of man was forced upon the human consciousness.6 Much of the early media, dating back to the thirteenth century, revolved around these inhuman humans. The fascination and interest they engender and continued to arouse throughout the centuries, to the extent that some, whether Val Drakul or Jack the Ripper, evolved into legends around which cults developed, testified to the human obsession with the killer, the murder, the criminal.7 The publishing world is founded upon the exploitation of human obsessions and interests. As with any market, the publishing world is geared towards the identification of existent demands, be they latent or expressed and response to those demands.8 If people are fascinated with the capacity for evil which resides in others, are obsessed with the workings of the criminal mind and derive some perverse pleasure from reading about, or seeing, others defy authority and defile the supposed sanctity of life, publishers will, as they always have, exploit that for the purposes of profit.9 While the term, exploitation,' holds innately negative connotations, it is not intended as a value judgment against the publishing business. As a business entity, it is incumbent upon publishing firms to identify consumer tastes, investigate new markets and explore the potential for growth in existing ones. Like any other profit-making concern, it is founded upon the imperatives of consumer satisfaction. Consumer satisfaction, itself, is predicated upon identifying and satisfying unexpressed tastes and predilections, and not only the expressed ones.10 The crime and true crime publishing industry did not create a demand for this product where none existed but catered to an existent demand, gradually working towards the delineation of a well-defined, every growing market.11 The historical evolution of the true crime publishing market is exceedingly difficult to trace. Over five decades ago, the director of the University of Chicago Press, W.T. Couch attempted to do just that, concluding with a concession regarding the virtual impossibility of the task.12 The fascination with true crime,

Analysis of professional practice in Strength & Conditioning Essay

Analysis of professional practice in Strength & Conditioning - Essay Example To be a sportsperson one must attain this either on your own or through the help of strength and conditioning practitioners. Most of sports clubs have employed the scholars in this field in order to improve the environment conditions of the sportspeople. Strength and Conditioning professionals have a legal duty to provide an appropriate level of supervision and instruction in order to meet reasonable standards in the sports jurisdiction. I am going to base my analysis in football as an area where a lot of these practitioners have been employed. Familiarizing with the strength and conditioning rules before engaging in them. There is always written regulations to avoid minor and major injuries whenever a football player is engaging into the activity. The sports practitioners have a duty to inform new and continuing footballers about the rules of the field and the changes if any. This may be done by the coach in small clubs either by holding a class or by giving the players written materials as a reference. â€Å"When rules and regulations are not followed carefully the outcome having injuries or being in minor and major risks of becoming paralyzed†. (Johnson, 1885, p.1-2). This strongly approves the major reasons of employing the professionals because a club may encounter a risk of losing a good and talented player if they ignore the rules familiarity. In involving a player in the process of strength and conditioning it will also involve risks and the participants are always informed of them and sometimes required to sign a statement that effects (Paul, and Earle, 2010, 36). All professional football players mainly sign a contract which is an agreement which states how long the player should be in the club and the payments either per game or monthly. Not only this but also in he or she has to undergo medical checkups so as to establish the health legality to be in the club. If the person qualifies all these therefore she or he is

Business Studies - Recruitment and Selection Essay Example for Free

Business Studies Recruitment and Selection Essay Every business or organisation has a recruitment department, which is often undertaken by recruiters. It can be undertaken by an employment agency or even a member of staff at the business organisation. Human resources run the recruitment process. Recruitment (run by the human resource department) is the process of finding the right possible candidates for the job. When the organisation knows what candidates they re looking for Advertisement is commonly used for recruiting the right employees. Recruitment process: A business or organisation must have a work plan in order to make sure that they find the right number of employees for their needs. When a business is looking to recruit new employees they need to be able to mention and define the main jobs and responsibilities that will be expected. During the recruitment process there are many stages that need to be followed In order to select the right candidate for the job. The recruitment flow chart: Job analysis: Job analysis is the first part of the recruitment process. This is when the human resources department needs to identify whether a new member of staff is needed or could the work be done by reorganizing existing staff or working over time. Or even consider whether part-time or full time appointment needed. Job analysis is essential for the recruitment process and this defines whether they need workers and is so will the business recruit internal or external employees. The human resources department will need to decide whether to recruit employees internally or externally. Recruiting internal candidates will benefit the business as this will increase their workers morale and their motivation will increase because there is a higher chance of them getting promoted than the external employees. Another advantage of recruiting an internal employee is theres a lower cost of not having to go through training, as they already know the business. However the disadvantage is having to replace their internal workers. External candidates will also help gain advantage for the organisation as they will let the business find out more about the competition, gaining more ideas. The disadvantage of recruiting an external employee is the cost of training them to learn more about the business. Job description: A job analysis can be used to create a job description. The job description will describe how a particular employee is to fit into the organisation. A job description could be used as a job indictor for applicants. Alternatively it could also be used as a guideline for an employee to his or her role and responsibilities within in the organisation. Job descriptions can be used by organisations to provide information for use in drafting a situation vacant advertisement and for briefing interviews. he function for a job description can be very simple. Its when the businesses human resources department will need to draw up a list of tasks that the job will involve and the responsibilities of the person appointed. This is good for a business to draw a list up of their specific job description as this gives not only employers but also employees an idea of what theyre looking for. So therefore the business will most likely attract workers that they appointed for. Person specification: Armed with this sort of specification, those responsible for recruiting and selecting someone to do a particular job have a much clearer idea of the ideal candidate. However at the same time those applying for the job have a much clearer idea of what is expected of them and whether they have the skills and attributes. The human resources department may set out for its own use a person specification. The meaning of person specification is identifying the personal qualities for example qualities such: * Experience: Someone with experience in carrying out a particular job who has a particular responsibilities should be able to draw on that experience n new situations. * Qualifications: Is another important part of a person specification. As they will have more knowledge then say someone who have no qualifications. Another advantage for a employee in having qualifications as this will lower the list of people wanting a job, for example if an employer has a long list of employees he/she will recruit either ones with experience or ones who have qualifications. The advantages for the person specification process in recruiting in staff, is the employers will benefit from recruiting experienced staff as they are able to do a range of tasks. This makes them more flexible workers, which in turn increases the output of the business. Customers often like to deal with experienced employees. Qualifications are also good measures of prior learning. The idea of qualification is that it prepares he employee to do a particular job or activity. Inn creating person specification, organisations will therefore need to consider the level of qualification required by a job holder. Job advert Job advertisements form an important part of the recruitment process. An organisation is able to communicate job vacancies to a selected audience by this means. Most job advertisements are written (or at least checked) By the personal department, a task involving the same skills as marketing a product. Advertisements must reach those people who have the qualities to fill the vacancy. Job advertisements take many forms, according to the requirements of the post. A good job advertisement, while providing prospect candidates with helpful information also helps to deter people who do not have the required qualifications for the job. Presentations of the advertisement is very important as it gives prospective employees a first impression of the organisation Application form: Having an application form is essential. If businesss or organisations provide an application form, it means that theyre looking for someone precise. This is good for the business, because the candidates have to right specific stuff that are required, which means the business can find the right employee. Where as some businesses ask for employees CV. In my opinion this is a disadvantage to the organisation, as the candidate can write what ever they feel, most likely something that will advantage them to getting the job. So therefore the organisation wont be able to find the right candidate to do the job. Interview: Interviews are very important in the recruitment process as this gives the employer an idea of what the employee is like and if he or her is suited for the job. Some business such as Marks and Spencers use a certain technique when interviewing new candidates. They would rather ask the interviewee open questions as this allows them to answer the question with longer sentences rather than yes or no answers. This gives the employer a bigger judgement ad a better feel on the employees personality. Business also try to focus on questions that involve; what? Why? When? And how? Generally speaking overall the interviewers should try to make the interviewee feel relaxed and comfortable so that the interviewee can show his or best side. An opening remark might be to ask the interviewee about his or her journey. Selection process: Recruitment and selection can be very costly process for a business. It takes a great deal of time to set up the process which includes drawing up a job description, advertising the position, sifting through applications, checking which application best meet criteria set down for the post, interviewing candidates and finally selecting the best candidate for the post. There is a considerable scope along the way for waste and inefficiency. For example, when a job advertisement attracts 100 applicants there will be a considerable waste of time and resources when reducing the list down to six. If you get your procedures wrong you may eliminate some of the best candidates right from the start and end up with six who are barely satisfactory. If you end up choosing an unsuitable candidate for the job, the company will suffer from having trouble within he organisation before walking out on the job and leaving the company o go through the expense of replacing him or her yet. Induction: Induction is the process of introducing new employees o their place of work, job, new surroundings and the people thy will be working with. Induction also provides information to help new employees start work and generally fit in. Once the successful applicant has been selected and offered the post, the human resources department needs to prepare a suitable induction programme for when the new induction programme which should include; * An awareness of the workings and objectives of a business. * An awareness of health and safety issues. * Requirements when absent, ill or late. * Introduction to management and workmates. * Identification of any immediate training needs. I Training needs: As part of the induction process, new employees may be introduced to new processors or software that they are unfamiliar with. The employer should explain each of these processes to new employees, question them about their experience with the processes or software and listen carefully to their answers to discover their level of experience. For example an employee may be familiar with the Microsoft office software but may not have had the experience with spreadsheets. If this is the requirement of the role, then careful questioning will determine the skill level of the employee and the training required to enable them to do their job. Training may be carried out formally through a course r more informally by a colleague or with training in a timely needs and implementing training timely manner is important to ensure the new employees are equipped with the skills to properly carry out their duties. Application form: Having an application form is essential. If businesss or organisations provide an application form, it means that theyre looking for someone precise. This is good for the business, because the candidates have to right specific stuff that are required, which means the business can find the right employee. Where as some businesses ask for employees CV. In my opinion this is a disadvantage to the organisation, as the candidate can write what ever they feel, most likely something that will advantage them to getting the job. So therefore the organisation wont be able to find the right candidate to do the job. Both Application and CV form provide same information: Motivation theories: Financial: Wages, salaries and bonuses: Wages- time rate: Under this scheme workers receive a set rate per hour. Any hours worked above a set number are paid at an overtime rate Salary: flat rate: This is a set rate of weekly or monthly pay, based on a set number of hours. It is easy to calculate and administer but does not provide an incentive to employees o work harder. Piece rate: This system is sometimes used in the textile and electronics industries, among others. Payment is made for each item produced that meets quality standards. The advantage of this is that it encourages effort motivates workers. However it is not suitable for jobs that require time and care. Also many jobs particularly in the service sector produce outputs are impossible to measure. Bonus: A bonus is paid as an added encouragement and motivation towards employees. It can be paid out f additional profits earned by the employer as a result of the employees effort and hard work or as an incentive to workers at times when they might be inclined to slacken effort for example at Christmas and summer holiday times. Commission: Commission is a payment made as a percentage of sales a salesperson has made. Output related schemes: Output related schemes are the most common methods used to reward manual workers most schemes involve an element of time rates plus bonus or other incentive. Standards are set in many ways, varying from casual assessment to a detailed work study, based on method study and work measurement. A standard allowable time is set in according to the stages. The workers pay is then determined according to the success of the third stage. Performance related pay: In recent year, the emphasis in a number of organisations has shifted towards performance related pay. Performance is assessed against working objectives and company goals scoring systems are then worked out to assess performance against objectives and these distinguish levels of attainment, e.g. high, medium or low. Managerial jobs are most affected by performance related pay. Based on performance appraisal techniques, such as schemes have been adopted in a wide range of occupations, including the police force, universities, insurance and banking. Evidence indicates that up to three quarters of all employees are now using some form of performance appraisal to set pay levels. One way of rewarding performance is to give increments as targets are met, with the employee progressing up an incremental ladder each year. Profit sharing: Profit sharing is an incentive tool which involves giving profit related pay to employees or giving them bonuses based on the profit performance of a business. Using this approach employees are able to see the that the success of the company will also lead to personal rewards for them. Another example similar to profit sharing is a theory called the attribution theory which is often compared to profit sharing and the non financial appraisal. Attribution theory: All business have a need to explain the world, both to themselves and to other people, attributing cause to the events around them. This gives us a greater sense of control. When explaining behaviour, it can affect the standing of people within a group (especially ourselves). When another person has erred, the business will often use internal attribution, saying it is due to internal personality factors. When they have erred, they will more likely use external attribution, attributing causes to situational factors rather than blaming ourselves. And vice versa. They will attribute our successes internally and the successes of our rivals to external luck. When a football team wins, supporters say we won. But when the team loses, the supporters say they lost. Business attributions are also significantly driven by our emotional and motivational drives. Blaming other people and avoiding personal recrimination are very real self-serving attributions. They will also make attributions to defend what they perceive as attacks. businesses will point to injustice in an unfair world. They will even tend to blame victims (of us and of others) for their fate as we seek to distance ourselves from thoughts of suffering the same plight. They will also tend to ascribe less variability to other people than ourselves, seeing themselves as more multifaceted and less predictable than others. This may well because they can see more of what is inside themselves (and spend more time doing this). In practice, we often tend to go through a two-step process, starting with an automatic internal attribution, followed by a slower consideration of whether an external attribution is more appropriate. As with Automatic Believing, if we are hurrying or are distracted, we may not get to this second step. This makes internal attribution more likely than external attribution. Share options: Employees may be encouraged to take up shares in a company, often as part of a reward scheme. When employees take up these share options they are then rewarded according to the performance of the business. When the business does well so too does the value of their shares and the dividends they receive as a return to shareholders. Dividends are typically paid twice a year. Non-Financial: Goal setting: Establishing goals for employees to work towards can be an important motivational factor as the achievement of these goals then creates a sense of achievement and personal fulfilment. Goals can be established for an individual, team or for the whole organisation and achievement may be related to promotion at work. In order to direct ourselves we set ourselves goals that are: * Clear (not vague) and understandable, so we know what to do and what not to do. * Challenging, so we will be stimulated and not be bored. * Achievable, so we are unlikely to fail. If other people set us goals without our involvement, then we are much less likely to be motivated to work hard at it than if we feel we have set or directed the goal ourselves. When we are working in the task, we need feedback so we can determine whether we are succeeding or whether we need to change direction. We find feedback (if it is sympathetically done) very encouraging and motivating. This includes feedback from ourselves. Negative self-talk is just as demotivating as negative comments from other people. Depending on the type of goal we have, we will go about achieving it differently. A directional goal is one where we are motivated to arrive at a particular conclusion. We will thus narrow our thinking, selecting beliefs, etc. that support the conclusion. The lack of deliberation also tends to make us more optimistic about achieving the goal. An accuracy goal is one where we are motivated to arrive at the most accurate possible conclusion. These occur when the cost of being inaccurate is high. Unsurprisingly, people invest more effort in achieving accuracy goals, as any deviation costs, and a large deviation may well more. Their deliberation also makes them realize that there is a real chance that they will not achieve their goal. When we have an accuracy goal we do not get to a good enough point and stop thinking about itwe continue to search for improvements. Both methods work by influencing our choice of beliefs and decision-making rules. Goal setting can be compared, in a financial sense with performance related pay as employees are rewarded in accordance with goals set by the company. Perks and status symbols: Perks and status symbols are useful motivational tools in a company. A perk is something extra that you get for doing a particular job. For example employees of a railway company may get free rail travel for them and their families. A cinema employee may get free cinema tickets. Status symbols are also important motivators. Obvious status symbols n is having a bigger office, or having a sign outside your door with your name on. People often respond very favourably to status symbols because these mark them out as being special therefore employees will be motivated to work harder in order for them to be the special person. Appraisals: Common stages of staff appraisals are as follows: 1. The line manager meets with the job-holder to discuss what is expected. The agreed expectations may be expressed in terms of targets, performance standards or required job behaviours- attributes, skills and attitudes. 2. The outcome of the meeting is recorded and usually signed by both parties. 3. The job-holder performs the job for a period of six months a year 4. At the end of the six months period the jobholder and line manager or team leader meet again to review and discuss progress made. They draw up action new action plans to deal with identified problems and agree targets and standards for the next period. Meeting training needs: Mentoring needs: Mentoring and coaching are seen by many organisations as essential ways of motivating employees so that they feel valued and cared for in their work. Mentoring involves a trainee being paired with a more experienced employee. The trainee carries out the job but uses the mentor to discuss problems that may occur and ho best to solve them. This approach is used in many lines of work. For example it is common practice for trainee teachers to work with a mentor who s responsible for their early training and development. The student teacher will match the mentor teacher before starting his or her own teaching. The mentor will then give ongoing guidance to the student teacher on how best to improve his or her performance. If the student teacher has any problems or difficulties he or she can talk to the mentor for advice. Coaching: Coaching involves providing individuals with personal coaches in the workplace. The person who is going to take on the coaching role will need to develop coaching skills and ill also need to have the time slots for the coaching to take place. The coach and the individual being. Acquired needs theory: Need are shaped over time by our experiences over time. Most of these fall into three general categories of needs: * Achievement (nAch) * Affiliation (nAff) * Power (nPow) Some businesses may have different preferences and will tend have one of these needs that affect the business more powerfully than others and thus affects our behaviors: * Achievers seek to excel and appreciate frequent recognition of how well they are doing. They will avoid low risk activities that have no chance of gain. They also will avoid high risks where there is a significant chance of failure. * Affiliation seekers look for harmonious relationships with other people. They will thus tend to conform and shy away from standing out. The seek approval rather than recognition. * Power seekers want power either to control other people (for their own goals) or to achieve higher goals (for the greater good). They seek neither recognition nor approval from others only agreement and compliance. Identifying preferences A common way of discovering our tendencies towards these is with a Thematic Apperception Test, which is a set of black-and-white pictures on cards, each showing an emotionally powerful situation. The person is presented with one card at a time and asked to make up a story about each situation. Using it Challenge achievers with stretching goals. Offer affiliation-seekers safety and approval. Beware of personal power-seekers trying to turn the tables on you or use other Machiavellian methods. Make sure you have sufficient power of your own, or show how you can help them achieve more power. Defending Understand your own tendencies. Curb the excesses and, especially if you seek affiliation, beware of those who would use this against you and for their own benefit alone. * Atrribution theoryprofit sharing (financial) and appraisal ( non financial) We all have a need to explain the world, both to ourselves and to other people, attributing cause to the events around us. This gives us a greater sense of control. When explaining behavior, it can affect the standing of people within a group (especially ourselves). When another person has erred, we will often use internal attribution, saying it is due to internal personality factors. When we have erred, we will more likely use external attribution, attributing causes to situational factors rather than blaming ourselves. And vice versa. We will attribute our successes internally and the successes of our rivals to external luck. When a football team wins, supporters say we won. But when the team loses, the supporters say they lost. Our attributions are also significantly driven by our emotional and motivational drives. Blaming other people and avoiding personal recrimination are very real self-serving attributions. We will also make attributions to defend what we perceive as attacks. We will point to injustice in an unfair world. We will even tend to blame victims (of us and of others) for their fate as we seek to distance ourselves from thoughts of suffering the same plight. We will also tend to ascribe less variability to other people than ourselves, seeing ourselves as more multifaceted and less predictable than others. This may well because we can see more of what is inside ourselves (and spend more time doing this). In practice, we often tend to go through a two-step process, starting with an automatic internal attribution, followed by a slower consideration of whether an external attribution is more appropriate. As with Automatic Believing, if we are hurrying or are distracted, we may not get to this second step. This makes internal attribution more likely than external attribution. Sex discrimination act 1975 Sex Discrimination Act 1975 The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 applies to men, women and gender reassignees and states that it is unlawful for an employer to discriminate or fail to prevent discrimination against a worker because of his or her gender, marital or gender reassignment status The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 states that there are two types of sex discrimination: Direct discrimination This occurs where a worker has been treated less favourably than another in similar relevant circumstances on the grounds of his or her gender, and the treatment has resulted in dismissal, denial of opportunities within or for employment or training, or any other detriment. Indirect discrimination This occurs where a provision, criterion or practice is applied equally to both male and female workers and three conditions are jointly fulfilled: * The proportion of one gender who can comply is, in practice, considerably smaller than the other; * A worker suffers a detriment as a result; * The employer cannot show the condition or requirement to be objectively justifiable. For example, indirect sexual discrimination could occur if an employer applied a redundancy policy by selecting only part-time workers. This is because such action would discriminate disproportionately against women, as over 80% of part-time workers in the United Kingdom are women. Race relation act 1976 The race relations act 1976 makes discrimination on racial grounds unlawful in employment, training education and the provision of goods, facilities and services. The act defines two main types of discrimination: direct discrimination and indirect discrimination. Direct discrimination Direct discrimination occurs when someone Is treated less favourably on racial grounds. Racial grounds do not only include grounds of race but also those of colour, nationality, citizenship and ethnic or national origin. For example a dress manufacturing company advertises in the local newspaper for a Turkish machinist, Indirect discrimination: Indirect discrimination occurs when rules, requirements, or conditions that appear to be fair because they apply equally to everyone- can be shown to put people from a particular racial group a much greater disadvantage than others and the rules cannot be objectively justified. A racial groups may be defined by race, colour, nationality and ethnic or national origin. For example an advertisement asks for ability to speak Bengali. This requirement discriminates indirectly against people who do not speak Bengali and will be unlawful unless it can be justified by the nature of the job For example it would be unjustified to ask for Bengali speaker if the job involves working with people who can communicate well only in Bengali. Another example of an indirect discrimination is an advertisement invites applicants who speak English as their mother tongue. This requirement too, discriminates indirectly against people who speak English fluently, but not as their mother tongue. This kind of requirement will rarely be justified. If an especially high standard of English is needed for a particular job it would be better to ask for just that a very high standard of written and spoken English or alternatively, fluent English Example: the race relations act does not cover discrimination indirectly on religious grounds, but advertisements inviting Muslim or Christian applicants may discriminate indirectly against some racial groups, and the requirements must be justified by the nature of the job. A religious requirement may be justified for jobs connected with a church, temple, mosque etc and possibly religious organisations.

Christians and the Environment Essay -- Environment

The lyrics of Michael Jackson’s Earth Song are sobering. Those who have seen the video of the song probably remember how vividly he passionately sang, â€Å"What have we done to the world? Look what we've done.† While understanding the risks involved, human beings seem to care little about the environment. Every day that passes seems to leave the world with more to be concerned with, the ever-increasing pollution, the deforestation, and the threat of nuclear waste. Taking responsibility for the environment is a duty that Christians should commit to. In fact, Christians should lead the world in taking specific actions in the preservation and restoration of the environment. Some environmentalists have blamed Christianity for the abuse of the environment. The 1967 article by Lynn White suggests that Christianity’s theology of the domination of creation is based on the premise that God created everything that exists for the humankind’s use and should be exploited for that purpose. By this, White alleged that Christians do not feel the obligation to take care of the nature, because it was created to serve them. While it may not be entirely true, many Christians do not object to this accusation. They realize that either their faith has been minimalist in its approach to environmental involvement, or it has completely disregarded environmental issues as irrelevant to the fundamentals of the faith. The Christian church however has realized, in recent times, its responsibility and stewardship of the earth. Allan Effa agrees, â€Å"the Christian community is reexamining some of its theological assumptions and filling in some gaping blind spots in its understanding of the missio Dei† (God’s purpose). Thus with a changing attitude, Christians are... ... Universe. http://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/michaeljackson/earthsong.html (accessed May 8, 2012). Santa Clara University "The Common Good vs Individualism." Santa Clara University - Welcome. http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/iie/v5n1/common.html (accessed May 8, 2012). Radford Ruether, Rosemary, "Ecology and Theology: Ecojustice at the Center of the Church's Mission," Interpretation: A Journal Of Bible & Theology 65, no. 4 (October 2011), 354-363. Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost (accessed May 7, 2012). Feuerbach, Ludwig and George Eliote. The Essence of Christianity. New York:Calvin Blanchad, 1855) Google Books, http://books.google.com/books?id=Lsvo-mgtuc0C (accessed May, 7 2012), 361. Effa, Allan. "The Greening of Mission." International Bulletin Of Missionary Research 32, no. 4 (October 2008): 171. MasterFILE Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed May 7, 2012).

Facebook Essay Writing Service Essay

Introduction Facebook is a social is a social network service which was founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004. This is the most commonly used website with over 600million active users according to the report given in January 2011. This is considered to have created a very strong network of communication with its capability to connect people across the world. The services have both negative and positive effects to the individuals, families and societies since it is accessed by all the people irrespective of the age and experience. The study below concerns the major effects and consequences of this network service to the society at large. Effects or consequences of Facebook on the society Humans are social beings thus there is need for them top keep connected or have a good network to socialize with each other. According to the results of the study on Compete.com done in January 2009, Facebook was ranked to be the most used social network and it has more benefits than just communicating but also provision of essential information in communication. It is the best and the most powerful tool for collaboration and interaction between people or friends. Considering from the sociological perspective Facebook sites are considered to improve social capital which is particularly essential in striking up a conversation or enabling people to access information from the internet. A study carried out in Michigan State University found that the services are beneficial especially for eth individuals with low self esteem and less self satisfaction. From the psychological perspective, the site enables the individuals to meet and share with the others with common interests hence share the experiences and get motivated or gain knowledge to handle life issues (Goldman, 2008 p. 7). Facebook makes up a cheaper way of keeping up with friends by reinforcing the existing ones or expansion of the network by enabling the creation of new  ones. Each individual member has a profile page on which he or she invites all the people to be their friends. They post ideas on their walls to be shared amongst the friends and those of their friends and also have a chance of accessing what their friends have to share thus more and diverse information and knowledge is shared. It also serves to strengthen the bonds especially between the individuals who do not have enough physical contact or have not enough time for direct interaction. This is possible by providing individual information as well as views and opinions thus the others may be able to learn more concerning the individuals. There is a lot to be done thus people do not have enough time to visit or interact with their friends, Facebook offers the opportunity for the individuals to interact and share views and opinions even as they carry on other duties. It is a good chance for the individuals to gather information concerning people of interest like professionals thus they may be able to approach them on official duties by knowing their personalities. People acquire more and diverse information from all corners of the world, for example the cultures of the other communities and how various individuals across the world handle life challenges. It is a good and effective medium of communication since so long as the facilities are available the account holders access the sites on daily basis either on computers or through the mobile phone hand sets (Matthew, 2008 p. 345-365). Other than the benefits these social services also have disadvantages on the society. Excess usage of these social sites is resulting to the increase in the societal crime rates especially those relating to immorality or sexual abuse. There is no age description of the individuals who are qualified to hold accounts on the Facebook thus the young children, the teenagers and the adults all share the information that is posted on the profiles. The young people access and put in practice ideas which are far much below their standards. Some of these may be pornographic materials which may abuse the young children. Excessively exposing of the information concerning people for example, their occupation is having effects on the societal crime rates for instance the robbery and carjacking because the criminals will be able to identify the individuals of their focus and monitor their movement  depending on the information that they provide (Martà ­nez, 2009 p. 73-82). Although these networks are considered as an effective links for the distance relationships by connecting the individuals, it also has negative effects on the relationships. This is resulting to wrong decisions because the individuals may be influenced to be engaged in bad relationships. Most of the people who use these websites do not express their original characters but mostly try to show the best. Some of these relationships may not last because the parties are forced to separate when they learn the true characters of the others. The individuals also blame each other for being unfaithful through by accessing the information that they share with the others. Most of the people especially the young people are not able to balance the time that they spend on these sites and on the other activities. Many of the employers are complaining of their employees not producing the best or as expected as they spend most of the time chatting or sharing ideas with their online friends. This is found to be one of the factors causing the financial instability in the society as many of the people do not concentrate on the economic activities. The learning institutions are also not left out especially the colleges and other higher learning institutions. The performance of these institutions are declining since the students spend most of their time on these social networking thus they have no time for their assignments and studies. These students are forced to either dump the assignment or examination tests if they are not well prepared or have not revised. After they are through with the training they are not able to maintain a good relationship with their employers since they do not concentrate in their workplaces or may not have acquired enough skills to perform their duties as expected (Sonvilla-Weiss, 2010 p. 102-112). The more time the individuals spend on the social networking sites, the huge the content of their privacy they expose to the public as they post their ideas, feelings and interests online. The society seems to be becoming more open without any privacy thus some people are becoming unappreciated in the societies when the personalities discovered of them are unexpected. This is  also affecting the social relationships between the casual friends, children and the adults or parents because some of the information exposed shows the individuals to be lacking good moral behavior especially if the information they share is more intimate thus their parents or friends are likely to mistake them. This site is seen as a face value of the society we live in although a times it communicate false information (Gutwirth, 2010 p. 127). The cultures of the societies are highly changing due to the influence of the Facebook. This is because people are forced to change and adapt the styles of living acquired from the information that they share with the rest of the people from across the world. Some of these cultures for instance the language change is not acceptable in most of the communities. For example, the language used by the children to address the adults in certain communities may not be accepted in others and are likely to cause disagreements. This is reflected by the gap between the older and the young generations in the societies since the older people consider the young ones to be misled by the current events in the society thus are reluctant to interact with them (Matthew, 2008 p. 276-281). The social networking is considered to be having effects to all the life factors including political, social and economic. By interacting with the others the local leaders have an opportunity to share and copy the leadership styles which may or may not be accepted in the societies although a times they have positive impacts. It also have both negative and positive impacts in the economic sector since people wastes a lot of time on them than they do on the economic boosting activities. They may also provide ideas on new activities of economic development through sharing with the others. Conclusion Facebook is a social networking site which is the most popular and widely used to connect across the world. It has both negative and positive impacts to the society through influencing all the life aspects like political, social and economic. The leaders have an opportunity to share with the other  leaders across the world thus they improve their leadership skills. Although some of the people waste a lot of time on the sites other than carrying out the economic activities, sometime they benefit by acquiring new ideas on economic activities.

Neutralizing a Base With an Acid

Neutralizing a Base With an Acid When an acid and a base react with each other, a neutralization reaction occurs, forming a salt and water. The water forms from the combination of the H ions from the acid and the OH- ions from the base. Strong acids and strong bases completely dissociate, so the reaction yields a solution with a neutral pH (pH 7). Because of the complete dissociation between strong acids and bases, if youre given a concentration of an acid or base, you can determine the volume or quantity of the other chemical required to neutralize it. This example problem explains how to determine how much acid is needed to neutralize a known volume and concentration of a base: Solving an Acid-Base Neutralization Problem What volume of 0.075 M HCl is required to neutralize 100 milliliters of 0.01 M Ca(OH)2 solution? HCl is a strong acid and will dissociate completely in water to H and Cl-. For every mole of HCl, there will be one mole of H. Since the concentration of HCl is 0.075 M, the concentration of H will be 0.075 M. Ca(OH)2 is a strong base and will dissociate completely in water to Ca2 and OH-. For every mole of Ca(OH)2 there will be two moles of OH-. The concentration of Ca(OH)2 is 0.01 M so [OH-] will be 0.02 M. So, the solution will be neutralized when the number of moles of H equals the number of moles of OH-. Step 1: Calculate the number of moles of OH-.Molarity moles/volumemoles Molarity x Volumemoles OH- 0.02 M/100 millilitersmoles OH- 0.02 M/0.1 litersmoles OH- 0.002 molesStep 2: Calculate the Volume of HCl neededMolarity moles/volumeVolume moles/MolarityVolume moles H/0.075 Molaritymoles H moles OH-Volume 0.002 moles/0.075 MolarityVolume 0.0267 LitersVolume 26.7 milliliters of HCl Performing the Calculation 26.7 milliliters of 0.075 M HCl is needed to neutralize 100 milliliters of 0.01 Molarity Ca(OH)2 solution. The most common mistake people make when performing this calculation is not accounting for the number of moles of ions produced when the acid or base dissociates. Its easy to understand: only one mole of hydrogen ions is produced when hydrochloric acid dissociates, yet also easy to forget its not a 1:1 ratio with the number of moles of hydroxide released by calcium hydroxide (or other bases with divalent or trivalent cations). The other common mistake is a simple math error. Make sure you convert milliliters of solution to liters when you calculate the molarity of your solution!

Work and Adolescence in the Middle Ages

Work and Adolescence in the Middle Ages Few medieval teenagers enjoyed a formal education as it was rare in the Middle Ages. As a result, not all adolescents went to school, and even those who did were not wholly consumed by learning. Many teens worked, and just about all of them played.   Working at Home Teens in peasant families were most likely to work instead of attending school. Offspring could be an integral part of a peasant familys income as productive workers contributing to the farming operation. As a paid servant in another household, frequently in another town, an adolescent could either contribute to the total income or simply cease using the family resources, thereby increasing the overall economic standing of those he left behind. In the peasant household, children provided valuable assistance to the family as early as age five or six. This assistance took the form of simple chores and did not take up a great deal of the childs time. Such chores included fetching water, herding geese, sheep or goats, gathering fruit, nuts, or firewood, walking and watering horses, and fishing. Older children were often enlisted to care for or at least watch over their younger siblings. At the house, girls would help their mothers with tending a vegetable or herb garden, making or mending clothes, churning butter, brewing beer and performing simple tasks to help with the cooking. In the fields, a boy no younger than 9-years-old and usually 12 years or older, might assist his father by goading the ox while his father handled the plow. As children reached their teens, they might continue to perform these chores unless younger siblings were there to do them, and they would most definitely increase their workloads with more demanding tasks. Yet the most difficult of tasks were reserved for those with the most experience; handling a scythe, for example, was something that took great skill and care, and it was unlikely for an adolescent to be given the responsibility of using it during the most pressing times of harvest. Work for teenagers was not limited to within the family; rather, it was fairly common for a teen to find work as a servant in another household. Service Work In all but the poorest medieval households, it would not be surprising to find a servant of one variety or another. Service could mean part-time work, day labor, or working and living under the roof of an employer. The type of work that occupied a servants time was no less variable: there were shop servants, craft assistants, laborers in agriculture and manufacturing, and, of course, household servants of every stripe. Although some individuals took on the role of servant for life, service was frequently a temporary stage in the life of an adolescent. These years of  labor- often spent in another familys home- gave teenagers the chance to save up some money, acquire skills, make social and business connections, and absorb a general understanding of the way society conducted itself, all in preparation for entry into that society as an adult. A child might possibly enter service as young as age seven,  but most employers sought older children to hire for their advanced skills and responsibility. It was far more common for children to take up positions as servants at age ten or twelve. The amount of work carried out by younger servants was necessarily limited; pre-adolescents are rarely if ever suited to heavy lifting or to tasks that require fine manual dexterity. An employer who took on a seven-year-old servant would expect the child to take some time learning his tasks, and he would probably start with very simple chores. Common Occupations Employed in a household, boys might become grooms, valets, or porters, girls could be housemaids, nurses, or scullery maids, and children of either gender could work in the kitchens. With a little training young men and women might assist at skilled trades, including  silk making, weaving, metalworking, brewing, or winemaking. In  villages,  they could acquire skills involving clothmaking, milling,  baking, and blacksmithing as well as help in the fields or household. By far, the majority of servants in town and countryside came from poorer families. The same network of friends, family and business associates that provided apprentices also yielded workers. And, much like apprentices, servants sometimes had to post bonds so that prospective employers might take them on, assuring their new bosses they would not leave before the agreed-upon term of service was up. Hierarchies and Relationships There were also servants of nobler origins, particularly those who served as valets, ladies maids, and other confidential assistants in illustrious households. Such individuals might be temporary adolescent employees from the same class as their employers or long-term servants from the gentry or urban middle class. They might even have been educated at a University before taking up their posts. By the 15th century, several advice manuals for such esteemed servants were in circulation in London and other large towns,  and not only noblemen but high city officials and wealthy merchants would seek to hire individuals who could perform delicate duties with tact and finesse. It was not unusual for a servants brothers and sisters to find work in the same household. When an older sibling moved on from service, his younger sibling might take his place, or perhaps theyd be employed simultaneously at different jobs. It was also not uncommon for servants to work for family members: for example, a childless man of prosperity in a town or city might employ his country-dwelling brothers or cousins children. This might seem exploitative or high-handed, but it was also a way for a man to give his relatives economic assistance and a good start in life while still allowing them to keep their dignity and pride in accomplishment. Terms of Employment It was  common  procedure to draw up a service contract that would outline the terms of service, including payment,  length  of service, and living arrangements. Some servants saw little legal recourse if they encountered difficulty with their masters, and it was more common for them to suffer their lot or run away rather than turn to the courts for redress. Yet court records show this was not always the case: masters and servants both brought their conflicts to legal authorities for resolution on a regular basis. Household servants almost always lived with their employers, and to deny housing after having promised it was considered a disgrace. Living together in such close quarters could result in terrible abuse or close bonds of loyalty. In fact, masters and servants of close rank and age were known to form lifelong bonds of friendship during the term of service. On the other hand, it was not unknown for masters to take advantage of their servants, particularly teenage girls in their employ. The relationship of most teenage servants to their masters fell somewhere in between fear and adulation. They did the work that was asked of them, were fed, clothed, sheltered and paid, and during their free time sought out ways to relax and have fun. Recreation A common misconception about the Middle Ages is that life was dreary and dull, and none but the nobility ever enjoyed any leisure or recreational activities. And, of course, life was indeed hard compared to our comfortable modern existence. But all was not darkness and drudgery. From peasants to  townsfolk  to gentry, people of the Middle Ages knew how to have fun, and teens were certainly no exception. A teenager might spend a large part of each day working or studying but, in most cases, he would still have a little time for recreation in the evenings. Hed have still more free time on holidays such as Saints Days, which were fairly frequent. Such liberty might be spent alone, but it was more likely to be an opportunity for him to socialize with coworkers, fellow students, fellow apprentices, family or friends. For some teenagers, childhood games that occupied the younger years such as marbles and shuttlecocks evolved into more sophisticated or strenuous pastimes like bowls and tennis. Adolescents engaged in more dangerous wrestling matches than the playful contests theyd attempted as children, and they played some very rough sports like football- variations that were precursors to todays rugby and soccer. Horseracing was fairly popular on the outskirts of London, and younger teens and pre-teens were frequently jockeys due to their lighter weight. Mock battles among the lower classes were frowned upon by authorities, for fighting rightfully belonged to the nobility, and violence and misconduct could ensue if youths learned how to use swords.  However,  archery  was encouraged in England due to its significant role in what has come to be called the  Hundred Years War. Recreation such as falconry and hunting were usually limited to the upper classes, primarily due to the cost of such pastimes. Furthermore,  forests, where sporting game might be found, were almost exclusively the province of the nobility, and peasants found hunting there- which they usually did for food rather than sport- would be fined. Games of Strategy and Gambling Archaeologists have discovered among castle remains intricately carved sets of chess and tables (a precursor to backgammon),  hinting at some popularity of board games among the noble classes. There is no doubt that peasants would be unlikely at best to acquire such costly trifles. While it is possible that less expensive or home-made versions could have been enjoyed by the middle and lower classes, none have yet been found to support such a theory; and the leisure time required to master such skills would have been prohibited by the lifestyles of all but the wealthiest folk. However, other games such as  merrills, which required only three pieces per player and a rough three-by-three board, could easily have been enjoyed by anyone willing to spend a few moments collecting stones and roughing out a crude gaming area. One pastime that was definitely enjoyed by city teens was dicing. Long before the Middle Ages, carved cube dice had evolved to replace the original game of rolling bones, but bones were occasionally still used. Rules varied from era to era, region to region and even from game to game, but as a game of pure chance (when honestly played), dicing was a popular basis for gambling. This prompted some cities and towns to pass legislation against the activity. Teens who engaged in gambling were likely to indulge in other unsavory activities that could result in violence, and riots were far from unknown. In hopes of heading off such incidents, city fathers, recognizing the need of adolescents to find release for their youthful exuberance, declared certain saints  days  occasions for great festivals. The celebrations that ensued were opportunities for people of all ages to enjoy public spectacles ranging from morality plays to bear-baiting as well as contests of skill,  feasting, and processions. Sources: Hanawalt, Barbara,  Growing Up in Medieval London  (Oxford University Press, 1993).Reeves, Compton,  Pleasures  Ã‚  (Oxford University Press, 1995).and Pastimes in Medieval England