The Real Lincoln A New Look At Abraham Lincoln, His...

Dilorenzo, Thomas J. The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War New York: Three Rivers Press. Thomas J. Dilorenzo is the author of the book The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War. Dr. Dilorenzo is an economics professor at the Sellinge School of Business and management, where he published over eleven books. His focus is mostly on economic history and political economics. It became evident to Thomas that the teachings at the college defied the common belief of the purpose behind the Civil War. After giving a speech on the subject in 1997, Former Prima Publishing acquisitions editor Steven Martin suggested writing a book on the subject. With funding, Dilorenzo published his book that supposedly unmasks the truth of who Lincoln was. Despite his sources being reasonable, directly from the lessons taught at his school, it does not exactly mean an economics professor is capable of making an accurate book on historical accounts. If he personally discussed it with a historian or mentioned history professors as a source rather than simply saying the lessons, the book may be more credible to what he has to say. But the fact that he did use a reasonable lead in his research does at least mean his opinion can be a respectable opinion. The book is best appreciated by historical enthusiasts, dominantly those into American history and more so for those centered around the Civil war and Abraham Lincoln.Show MoreRelatedThe Real Lincoln : A New Look At Abraham Lincoln1366 Words   |  6 PagesThe Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War, he reveals the truth about Abraham Lincoln and attempts to get rid of the myths that many have told. He reveals the agenda of Lincoln and the real purpose behind the Civil War. One question that some have is why did it take a war to end slavery? In the book it is stated that, â€Å"dozens of countries†¦ ended slaver y peacefully during the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries†(x). Many argue the fact that Lincoln wasRead MoreThe Myth of Abraham Lincoln1304 Words   |  6 Pagesmyth of Abraham Lincoln, no myth in American history is more prevailing or enduring. Good old Honest Abe, The Great Emancipator, Defender of the Union. We have come to a crossroad in this country. It is a time of great peril; freedom is in its maximum hour of danger. We must put to rest this myth, which only serves to propagate tyranny and undermine liberty. Abraham Lincoln was not a great man trying to free the slaves; he was a racist, power hungry, tyrant who really fought the civil war to stopRead More Abraham Lincoln Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Abraham Lincoln was born in a log cabin located in Hodgenville Kentucky on the twelfth of February in the year of 1809. His parents were Thomas and Nancy Hanks Lincoln. Lincoln had one older sister (Sarah) who was born in 1807. Three year s after Abraham was born, his mother gave birth to a baby boy they named Thomas. The family was faced with devastating turmoil when Thomas died while he was still an infant. When Abe was nine years old he was kicked in the head by a horse, which caused his familyRead MoreThe Real Lincoln : A New Look At Abraham Lincoln1756 Words   |  8 Pagescontroversial book, The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War, a new light is shed upon the historic President Lincoln. It challenges ideas and beliefs that students are taught in grade school, and incorporates a new way of thinking. Above all, this book provides insight into the real life of Lincoln, and remains controversial due to its impeding and harsh criticisms. DiLorenzo, an economic historian, is often questioned about his ethics and credibility toRead MoreThe Real Lincoln : A New Look At Abraham Lincoln1757 Words   |  8 Pagescontroversial book, The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War, a new light is shed upon the historic President Lincoln. It challenges ideas and beliefs that students are taught in grade school, and incorporates a new way of thinking. Above all, this book provides insight into the real life of Lincoln, and remains controversial due to its impeding and harsh criticisms. Dilorenzo, an economic historian, is often questioned about his ethics and credibility toRead More A Critique of DiLorenzos The Real Lincoln Essay1913 Words   |  8 PagesA Critique of the Real Lincoln The Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War, by Thomas J. DiLorenzo completely shatters the illusion of the 16th President as the liberator of the slaves. DiLorenzo provides convincing evidence for Lincoln’s overt racism as expressed in his documented views on racial supremacy as stated in his desire to colonize all American blacks outside the United States (p. 4); Lincoln’s views were matched by the majority in the North whoRead MoreAfrican American Leaders Post- Reconstruction Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages In 1854 Abraham Lincoln gave his Peoria, Kansas speech opposing slavery stating the Kansas Act had a declared indifference, but as I must think, a covert real zeal for the spread of slavery, I cannot but hate it. I hate it because of the monstrous injustice of slavery itself. I hate it because† it deprives our republican example of its just influence in the world†. Abraham Lincoln became the sixteenth Presiden t of the United States in 1861. Growing up in non-slave territories as a child and disapprovingRead MoreThe Real Lincoln : A New Look At Abraham Lincoln1868 Words   |  8 PagesThe Real Lincoln: A New Look at Abraham Lincoln, His Agenda, and an Unnecessary War is written by Thomas J. DiLorenzo. He is the professor of economics at Loyola University Maryland and a member of the senior faculty of the Mises Institute. He has received the George F. Koether Free Market Writing Award and his works have been published in the Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. He has written another book titled Hamilton s Curse: How Jefferson’s Archenemy Betrayed the American Revolution —Read MoreThe Real Lincoln By Thomas J. A Brief1724 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Real Lincoln written by Thomas J. Dilorenzo published in 2002 gives us details into the Lincoln presidency It shows how Lincoln wanted a more central government he was not a man for all people but for the north. It shows that Lincoln was not the reason for the split in the country but a sense of pride was to blame. He did not support equal rights in slave and white americans. He was for the â€Å" American system† and the expansion of America. Lorenzo is a member of the faculty at Loyola UniversityRead MoreMinority Marketing1869 Words   |  8 PagesAnd it’s Impact Following the Civil War History 121: American History to 1877 10 December 2011 The Reconstruction era was the attempt to restore the Union after the Civil War or The War for Southern Independence. Its perception was viewed differently by Southerners, Northerners, and newly freed former slaves. After the Union won the war in 1865, their job was to begin the reconstruction of the Unites States. This era started at the end of the Civil War in 1865 and ended in1877. The goal

Sociology - Part Of Childbearing Essay - 1637 Words

Examine Changes in the Patterns of Childbearing and Childrearing in the UK Since The 1970’s In the last 40 years, patterns for both childbearing, which is having children, and childrearing (which is the primary socialisation of children) have changed due to several different reasons. Since the 1970’s less children are born outside of marriage, we know this due to statistics which show that over four out of ten children are now born outside of marriage which is five times more than in the early 1970’s. Women are also having children later on in their lives. In 1971 the average age was around 24.3 years whereas in 2005 the average had risen by quite a lot to 27.3 years. Some are even deciding to remain childless and it is also†¦show more content†¦This means that he believes that nuclear families are needed in society in order for children to have a correct upbringing because the men are meant to control the child’s behaviour and the discipline of the child, and as women aren’t perceived as being able to do this, it creates children who behave irresponsibly. Woman may also want to raise children on their own due to the rise of the feminist movement where women want to be more independent and rely less on men or be married as feminist believe nuclear families are traps. In the 1970’s the majority of children were raised within a nuclear family as this was seen as the norm in society. However in recent years many more children are being raised in different family forms throughout the UK for all sorts of reasons. One form is cohabiting couples, the number of cohabiting couples is expected to double to almost 4million by 2021 which is a massive increase as in 1986, the number was around 1million. Children may be raised within this family form due to the woman getting pregnant and her boyfriend wanting to create an almost perfect family so they live together but do not get married. Another reason may be because they feel as though marriage is not the right option but still agree to do the same as what married couples do such as raise children. Another form is nuclear families which was the most common in the 1970’s. This type of family is favoured by the new right and functionalists as they believe it offers aShow MoreRelatedcomparing t he Amish society and British modern day society, values and norms1117 Words   |  5 PagesThis essay is going to look at the families in the Amish Society and British Modern Day Society. The essay will demonstrate understanding of their cultures, values, norms and inequalities. The Amish society first originated in 1962 in Europe and the first Amish arrived in Pennsylvania in the 1730’s to escape persecution in Europe.The Amish church started as a breakaway from the Annabaptists (adult baptizers) in Switzerland in 1693, led by Jakob Ammann. Frater, J. (2012) According to BBC ReligionsRead More Changing Family Structure in Modern Society Essay1900 Words   |  8 PagesThis essay will identify how modern day society is changing with regards to family structure in particular marriage, cohabitation, step families and lone parenting explaining how this may or may not impact on parenting practices in turn influencing the outcome of children and the formation of their identities. It will also discuss the Governments role in aiding families and protecting children with regard to current policies and procedures. Also the current perception of childhood and the increasingRead MoreEssay on Comparison of George Herbert Mead and Sigmund Freud3378 Words   |  14 PagesSchultz and Schultz, (2008) the id is defined as the source of psychic energy and the aspect of personality allied with the instincts. The ego is defined as the rational aspect of personality responsible for controlling the instincts. Lastly, the third part of Freud’s structure of personality the superego, which is defined as the moral aspect of personality derived from internalizing parental and societal values and standards. The â€Å"I† is defined as the self that results from the progressive stages ofRead More The Degradation of Wives in the Victorian Period Essay2488 Words   |  10 Pagestheir strength; women were labeled â€Å"frigid† for their lack of sexual appetite. In 1840, when it was discovered that female orgasm was not required for human reproduction, Dr. Acton made the deduction that female satisfaction was attained through â€Å"childbearing and domestic life† (Duby 339). Dr. Blackwell refuted Dr. Acton’s assertions. Girls, she pointed out, reached sexual awareness at about the age of thirteen, but did not marry until they reached their twenties. Dr. Blackwell explained how theirRead MoreSociological View On The Family2242 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will discuss the different sociological views on the family such as the functionalist, conflict and finally the symbolic interactionist perspectives, it will include a critical evaluation on each perspective, with reference to the sociological canon. When discussing the family in a sociological context, there are numerous matters which are studied such as teenage childbearing, delinquency, abuse of substances, being a mother, domestic abuse, and divorce. As mentioned above the sociologyRead MoreFamily Decline vs Family Change3666 Words   |  15 Pagesis still going through the process of transformation, which introduces completely new phenomena to the Albanian society and changes the traditional relationships sometimes to the opposite. Hence my interest in this topic. And therefore I aim this essay to delineate the â€Å"family decline† versus â€Å"family change† debate and then to provide reasons, which will support my conclusion that the perspective of change is a better way to think about the family today. In order to present a clear distinctionRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy in Malaysia5374 Words   |  22 PagesThe structural functional approach is defined as a framework for building theory that sees society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability. Emile Durkheim, one of the founders of sociology used what has been called an ‘organic metaphor’ for society. Durkheim said society is like a human body-one big thing made up of many smaller parts. Your body is made of many different systems (nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system) that are themselves madeRead MoreMr Benett and the Failures of Fatherhood8365 Words   |  34 Pagesattributing no theoretical to her work; she admitted preten having significance sions at all, claiming only accuracy and proportion and wit for her vir tues.1 once Despite again the her well-known of demurrers, subject in Jane I want Austens in this essay to raise canvass problem novels?to to social from a sociological point of view the nature of her response and economic in English society. My reason for sifting over the changes in the evidence is that I think an adjustment already finely groundRead MoreEssay The Future of Marriage in America9335 Words   |  38 Pageshttp://marriage.rutgers.edu/Publications/SOOU/TEXTSOOU2007.htm The State of Our Unions The Social Health of Marriage in America 2007 Essay: The Future of Marriage in America David Popenoe  © Copyright 2007 Introduction In this year’s essay, David Popenoe argues that long-term trends point to the gradual weakening of marriage as the primary social institution of family life. More Americans today are living together, marrying at older ages or not at all, and rearing children in cohabitingRead MoreFeminine Mystique12173 Words   |  49 PagesSupplemental Reading for US History 2 From Rosie to Lucy Questions students must answer in a 500-word (minimum) essay: 1) Describe the post-WWII frustrations felt by women such as Betty Friedan. 2) During the era of â€Å"Rosie the Riveter†, what gains did women make in the workforce? How did these women feel about themselves and their contributions? What did society as a whole think? 3) What role did mass media play during the 1950s and 1960s in regard to supporting or undermining the

Grief Group Offers Support And Relief For Troubled Students

Campus-News Exclusive Grief Group Offers Support and Relief to Troubled Students By Lindsey Nelson Upon meeting Jason, anyone would believe he is the epitome of the all American male. He received a scholarship into his college of choice, plays quarterback for the football team, and made the Dean’s List during the first semester. Anyone would believe that Jason really does have it all together. However, just a year earlier, Jason’s father passed away from colon cancer. As a result, Jason has been drinking, and occasionally engaging in drug use. Before coming to Grief Group, Jason may have headed down a more destructive and dangerous path. Therapists and co-facilitators are here to help those in the group, like Jason, open up about their grief, and work through their pain and challenges. This setting allows others to feel safe while sharing while enabling the group to set the pace of the meeting. What is Adolescence Adolescence has been defined between the ages of 15-24 years. This may be due to the idea that this age group is in the physically healthiest peak before declination occurs. The range of adolescence occurs between high school and college years. Adolescents and Therapy The majority of adolescents see one-on-one therapy as a form of saying, â€Å"something is wrong with you.† For some, they don’t want to be judged by a stranger who doesn’t understand what they are going through. And for others, they may find it boring and a waste of time. The group settingShow MoreRelatedLesson Plan10685 Words   |  43 PagesReport on Student Teaching In- Campus Practicum Off- Campus Practicum Presented to the BSED Intern Supervisor Of Holy Child College of Davao Mrs. Miriam Capilitan In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement Professional Education 10 (Practice Teaching) Presented by: Ms. Rogelyn P. Goboy BSED- IV March 02, 2013 Second Semester SY: 2012- 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Dedication†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Philosophy of Education†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Student TeachersRead MoreBhopal Gas Disaster84210 Words   |  337 Pageswith our present demands, said Nityanand Jayaram, environmental activist and writer. In a statement issued on Monday, four organisations, Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Stationery Karmachari Sangh, Bhopal Gas Peedit Mahila Purush Sangharsh Morcha, Bhopal Group for Information and Action, and Bhopal ki Awaaz cited a 2001 study published by the Madhya Pradesh government s Centre for Rehabilitation Studies that has attributed at least 350 deaths annually to gas-related ailments. Hindu / Delhi 11/04/06 yearRead MoreEssay about The Results of Children in Fatherless Homes16087 Words   |  65 Pagessingle parents, not criticize them. Typical is the view expressed by a Brooklyn woman in a recent letter to the New York Times: Lets stop moralizing or blaming single parents and unwed mothers, and give them the respect they have earned and the support they deserve. Such views are not to be dismissed. Indeed, they help to explain why family structure is such an explosive issue for Americans. The debate about it is not simply about the social-scientific evidence, although that is surely an importantRead MoreAsk the Dust by John Fante13686 Words   |  55 PagesLiterature Study Guide is offprint from Gales For Students Series: Presenting Analysis, Context, and Criticism on Commonly Studied Works: Introduction, Author Biography, Plot Summary, Characters, Themes, Style, Historical Context, Critical Overview, Criticism and Critical Essays, Media Adaptations, Topics for Further Study, Compare Contrast, What Do I Read Next?, For Further Study, and Sources. (c)1998-2002; (c)2002 by Gale. Gale is an imprint of The Gale Group, Inc., a division of Thomson Learning, IncRead MorePsychology Workbook Essay22836 Words   |  92 Pageseach students name on his class roll at each class meeting. He recorded students exam scores on his roll sheet as well. ___1__ Dr. Lopez hypothesized that students who consistently attend class get higher grades than those who are absent more often. ____6_ Dr. Lopez published the results of his study in the Journal of Community College Teaching. ___4__ Dr. Lopez calculated the correlation between his students rates of absence and their exam scores and found that the two variables wereRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesThis online teaching and learning environment integrates the entire digital textbook with the most effective instructor and student resources With WileyPLUS: Students achieve concept mastery in a rich, structured environment that’s available 24/7 Instructors personalize and manage their course more effectively with assessment, assignments, grade tracking, and more manage time better study smarter save money From multiple study paths, to self-assessment, to a wealth of interactive visualRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSolving Problems Analytically and Creatively 167 PART II 4 5 6 7 INTERPERSONAL SKILLS 232 233 Building Relationships by Communicating Supportively Gaining Power and Influence 279 Motivating Others 323 Managing Conflict 373 PART III GROUP SKILLS 438 8 Empowering and Delegating 439 9 Building Effective Teams and Teamwork 489 10 Leading Positive Change 533 PART IV SPECIFIC COMMUNICATION SKILLS 590 591 Supplement A Making Oral and Written Presentations Supplement B ConductingRead MoreJob Stress and Its Impact on Employee Performance18500 Words   |  74 Pagesprevention strategy. The ability to tolerate stress depends on many factors, including the quality of relationships, ones general outlook on life, emotional intelligence, and genetics. Factors that influence the stress tolerance level are; †¢ Support network: A strong network of supportive friends and family members is an enormous buffer against life’s stressors. On the flip side, the more lonely and isolated one is, the greater is the vulnerability to stress. †¢ Sense of control: If one hasRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizations 39 Attitudes and Job Satisfaction 69 Emotions and Moods 97 Personality and Values 131 Perception and Individual Decision Making 165 Motivation Concepts 201 Motivation: From Concepts to Applications 239 3 The Group 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Foundations of Group Behavior 271 Understanding Work Teams 307 Communication 335 Leadership 367 Power and Politics 411 Conflict and Negotiation 445 Foundations of Organization Structure 479 v vi BRIEF CONTENTS 4 The Organization System Read MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagespublisher nor author shall be liable for any loss of profit or any other commercial damages, including but not limited to special, incidental, consequential, or other damages. For general information on our other products and services or for technical support, please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at (800) 762-2974, outside the United States at (317) 572-3993 or fax (317) 572-4002. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears

Customs and Traditions free essay sample

Customssand Traditions So many states so many imposts, an English adage says. The combination of the words tradition A ; usage means a usual mode of making smth, a believe of chief, of behavior passed on from coevals to coevals. English traditions can be subdivided into the traditions covering with private life of the English national A ; spiritual vacations, public jubilations, traditional ceremonials A ; traditional sporting events. A great figure of imposts A ; traditions day of the month back to the early yearss of GB A ; we can rightly state that they are the contemplation of the state s history A ; the peoples phyhology. To cognize the imposts A ; traditions means to understand the people, their art A ; civilization better. In the affair of vacations the British are less good off than other Europeans. They have such vacations celebrated: New Years Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday, Summer Bank Holiday, Christmas Day A ; Boxing Day. The British have many traditions, manners A ; imposts of which they can be proud. England has preserved it s old ceremonials A ; traditions to a greater extend than any other state in the universe. Most of this traditions have been kept up without break since the 13th century. Foreigners coming to England are impressed by a great figure of ceremonials which seem to be incompatible with the modern traffic A ; proficient conditions of a extremely developed state. Some British imposts and traditions are celebrated all over the universe. Bowler chapeaus, tea and speaking about the conditions, for illustration. But what about the others? Who was Guy Fawkes? Why does the Queen have two birthdays? And what is the word saloon short for? From Scotland to Cornwall, Britain is full of imposts and traditions. A batch of them have really long histories. Some are amusing and some are unusual. But they re all interesting. There are all the traditions of British athletics and music. There s the long bill of fare of traditional British nutrient. There are many royal occasions. There are vocals, expressions and superstitious notions. They are all portion of the British manner of life. A twelvemonth in Britain A twelvemonth in BritainJANUARY JANUARYUp-HeIIy-Aa Up-HeIIy-Aa The Shetlands are islands near Scotland. In the 9th centurv, work forces from Norway came to the Shetlands. These were the Vikings. They came to Britain in ships and carried off animate beings, gold, and sometimes adult females and kids, excessively. Now, 1, OOO old ages subsequently, people in the Shetlands retrieve the Vikings with a festival. Fhey call the festival Up-Helly-Aa . Every winter the people of Lerwick, a town in the Shetlands, make a theoretical account of a ship. It s a Viking long-ship , with the caput of a firedrake at the forepart. Then, on Up-Helly-Aa dark in January, the Shetlanders frock in Viking apparels. They carry the ship through the town to the sea. There they burn it. They do this because the Vikings put their dead work forces in ships and burned them. But there are nt any work forces in the modern ships. Now the festival is a party for the people of the Shetland Islands. FEBRUARY FEBRUARYSt Valentine s Day St Valentine s Day St Valentine is the saint of people in love, and St Valentine s Day is February 14th. On that twenty-four hours, people send Valentine cards and nowadayss to their hubbies, married womans, fellows and girlfriends. You can besides direct a card to a individual you do nt cognize. But traditionally you must neer compose your name on it. Some British newspapers have a page for Valentine s Day messages on Februarv 14th. MARCH MARCHSt David s Day St David s Day March 1st is a really of import twenty-four hours for Welsh people. It s St David s Day. He s the frequenter or national saint of Wales. On March 1st, the Welsh celebrate St David s Day and have on Narcissus pseudonarcissuss in the button holes of their coats or jackets. April April Fool s Day April Fool s Day April 1st is April Fool s Day in Britain. This is a really old tr~dition from the Middle Ages ( between the fifth and 15th centuries ) . At that clip the retainers were Masterss for one twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. They gave orders to their Masterss, and their Masterss had to obey. Now April Fool s Day is different. It s a twenty-four hours for gags and fast ones. MAY MAYMay Day May Day May 1st was an of import twenty-four hours in the Middle Ages. In the really early forenoon, immature misss went to the Fieldss and washed their faces with dew. They believed this made them really beautiful for a twelvemonth affer that. Besides on May Day the immature work forces of each small town tried to win awards with their bows and pointers, and people danced round the maypole. Many English-villages still have a maypole, and on May 1st, the villagers dance unit of ammunition it. You can see one in the image below. JUNE JUNEMidsummer s Day Midsummer s Day Midsummer s Day, June 24th, is the longest twenty-four hours of the twelvemonth. On that twenty-four hours you can see a really old usage at Stonehenge, in Wiltshire, England. Stonehenge is one of Europe s biggest rock circles. A batch of the rocks are 10 or 12 meters high. It s besides really old. The earliest portion of Stonehenge is about 5,000 old ages old. But what was Stonehenge? A holy topographic point? A market? Or was it a sort of calendar? We think the Druids used it for a calendar. The Druids were the priests in Britain 2,000 old ages ago. They used the Sun and the rocks at Stonehenge to cognize the start of months and seasons. There are Druids in Britain today, excessively. And every June 24th a batch of them go to Stonehenge. On that forenoon the Sun radiances on one celebrated rock the Heel rock. For the Druids this is a really of import minute in the twelvemonth. But for a batch of British people it s merely a unusual old usage. October Halloween Halloween October 31st is Halloween, and you can anticipate to run into enchantresss and shades that dark. Halloween is an old word for Hallows Evening , the dark before All Hallows or All Saints Day On Thai one dark of the twelvemonth, shades and enchantresss are free. Well, that s the traditional narrative. A long clip ago people were afraid and stayed at place on Halloween. But now in Britain its a clip for merriment. There are ever a batch of parties on October 31st. At these parties people wear masks and they dress as shades and enchantresss, or as Dracula or Frankenstein s monster. And some people make particular Halloween lamps Irom a big fruit the Cucurbita pepo. First they take out the center of the Cucurbita pepo. Ihen they cut holes for the eyes, nose and mouth. Finally they put a taper inside the Cucurbita pepo. NOVEMBER NOVEMBERGuy Fawkes Day Guy Fawkes Day November 5th is Guy Faw kes Day in Britain. All over the state people build wood fires or # 8220 ; bonfires # 8221 ; , in their gardens. On top of each balefire is a cat. That s a figure of Guy Fawkes. Peoples make cats with straw, old apparels and newspapers. But before November 5th, kids use their cats to do money They stand in the street and cry Penny for the cat . Then they spend the money on pyrotechnics. But how did this tradition get down? Who was Guy Fawkes and why do the British remember him on November 5th? On November fifth 1605, Guy Fawkes tried to kill King James I. He and a group of friends put a bomb under the Houses of Parliament in London. But the King s work forces found the bomb and they found Guy Fawkes, excessively. They took him to the Tower of London and there the King s work forces cut off his caput. December Christmas and the New Year Christmas and the New Year There are tonss of Christmas and New Year traditions in Britain. For illustration London s Ghristmas ornamentsEvery twelvemonth the people 9f Norway give the metropolis of London a present.. It s a large Christmas tree and it stands in Trafalgar Square. Besides in cardinal London, Oxford Street and Regent Street ever have beautiful ornaments at Christmas. Thousands of people come to look at them. Card games, trees and mistletoeIn 1846 the first Christmas cards began in Britain. That was five old ages after the first Christmas tree. Queen Victoria s hubby, Prince Albert, brought this German tradition ( he was German ) to Britain. He and the Queen had a Christmas tree at Windsor Castle in 1841. A few old ages after, about every house in Britain had one. Traditionally people decorate their trees on Christmas Eve that s December 24th. They take down the ornaments twelve yearss subsequently, on Twelfth Night ( January 5th ) . An older tradition is Christmas mistletoe. Peoples put a piece of this green works with its white berries over a door. Mistletoe brings good fortune, people say. Besides, at Christmas British people kiss their friends and household under the mistletoe. Carols Before Christmas, groups of vocalists go from house to house. They collect money and sing traditional Christmas vocals or carols. There are a batch of really popular British Christmas carols. Three fanous 1s are: Good King Wenceslas , The Holly and The Ivy and We Three Kings . Christmas Eve British kids do nt open their nowadayss on December 24th. Father Christmas brings their nowadayss in the dark. Then they open them on the forenoon of the 25th. There s another name for Father Christmas in Britain -Santa Claus. That comes from the European name for him -Saint Nicholas. In the traditional narrative he lives at the NorthPole. But now he lives in large stores in towns and metropoliss all overBritain. Well, that s where kids see him in November and December. Then on Christmas Eve he visits every house. Heclimbs down the chimney and leaves tonss of nowadayss. Some people leave something for him,excessively. A glass of vino and some biscuits, for illustration. Christmas Day In Britain the most of import repast on December 25th is Christmas dinner. About all Christmas nutrient is traditional, but a batch of the traditions are non really old. For illustration, there were no Meleagris gallopavos in Britain before 1800. And even in the 19th century, goose was the traditional meat at Christmas. But non now. A twentieth-century British Christmas dinner is roast Meleagris gallopavo with carrots, murphies, peas, Brussels sprouts and gravy. There are sausages and bacon excessively. Then, after the Meleagris gallopavo, there s Christmas pudding. You can read about that in the chapter on nutrient. Crackers are besides usual at Christmas dinner. These came to Britain from China in the 19th century. Two people pull a cracker. Normally there s a little plaything in the center. Often there s a gag on a piece of paper, excessively. Most of the gags in Christmas crackers are non really good. Here s an illustration: Customer: Waiter, there s a toad in my soup. Waiter: Yes, sir, the fly s on vacation. Boxing Day December 26th is Boxing Day. Traditionally boys from the stores in each town asked for money at Christmas. They went from house to house on December 26th and took boxes made of wood with them. At each house people gave them money. This was a Christmas nowadays. So the name of December 26th does nt come from the athletics of packaging it comes from the male childs wooden boxes. Now, Boxing Day is an excess vacation after Christmas Day. First Footing In Scotland the name for New Year s Eve is Hogmanay. Affer midnight people visit their friends. And they take a present a piece of coal. Why? Because traditionally the first visitant of the twelvemonth must transport coal into the house. This is first terms . It brings good fortune. It besides helps to do a fire in the center of winter. New Year ResolutionsWhat are your worst mistakes? Do you desire to alter them? InBritain a batch of people make New Year Resolutions on the eventide of December 31st. For illustration, I ll acquire up early every forenoon following ~ or I ll clean my places every twenty-four hours. But there s a job. Most people forget their New Year Resolutions on January 2nd. Royal traditions Royal traditionsTHE TROOPING OF THE COLOUR THE TROOPING OF THE COLOUR The Queen is the lone individual in Britain with two birthdays. Her existent birthday is on April 21st, but she has an official birthday, excessively. That s on the 2nd Saturday in June. And on the Queen s official birthday, there is a traditional ceremonial called the Trooping of the Colour. It s a large parade with brass sets and 100s of soldiers at Horse Guards Parade in London. A regiment of the Queen s soldiers, the Guards, March in forepart of her. At the forepart of the parade is the regiment s flag or color . The Guards are parading the coloring material. Thousands of Londoners and visitants watch in Horse Guards Parade. And 1000000s of people at place ticker it on telecasting. THE CHANGING OF THE GUARD This happens every twenty-four hours at Buckingham Palace, the Queen s place in London. Soldiers stand in forepart of the castle. Each forenoon these soldiers ( the guard ) alteration. One group leaves and another arrives. In summer and winter tourers stand outside the castle at 11.30 every forenoon and watch the Changing of the Guard. MAUNDY MONEY Maun4y Thursday is the twenty-four hours before Good Friday, at Easter. On that twenty-four hours the Queen gives Maundy money to a group of old people. This tradition is over 1,000 old ages old. At one clip the male monarch or queen washed the pess of hapless, old pedple on Maundy Thursday. That stopped in 1754. SWAN UPPING Here s a really different royal tradition. On the River Thames there are 100s of swans. A batch of these beautiful white birds belong, traditionally, to the male monarch or queen. In July the immature swans on the Thames are about two months old. Then the Queen s swan keeper goes, in a boat, from London Bridge to Henley. He looks at all the immature swans and marks the royal 1s. The name of this unusual but interesting usage is Swan Upping. THE QUEEN S TELEGRAM THE QUEEN S Telegram This usage is non really old, but it s for really old people. On his or her one hundredth birthday, a British individual gets a wire from the Queen. THE BIRTHDAY HONOURS LIST AND THE NEW Year S HONOURS LIST Twice a twelvemonth at Buckingham Palace, the Queen gives rubrics or honours , one time in January and one time in June. There are a batch of different honours. Here are a few: C.B.E. Companion of the British Empire O.B.E. Order of the British Empire M.B.E. Member of the British Empire ( These honours began in the 19th century. Then Britain had an imperium. ) Knighthood-a knight has Sir before his name. A new knight kneels in forepart of the Queen. She touches foremost his right shoulder, so his left shoulder with a blade. Then she says Arise, Sir. . . [ his first name ] , and the knight stands. Peerage a pee~ is a Godhead. Peers sit in the House of Lords. That s one portion of the Houses of Parliament. The other portion is the House of Commons. Peers call the House of Commons another topographic point . Dame/Baroness these are two of the highest honours for a adult female. THE STATE Opening OF PARLlAMENT Parliament, non the Royal Family, controls modern Britain. But traditionally the Queen opens Parliament every fall. She travels from Buckingham Palace to the Houses ofParliament in a gold passenger car the Irish State Coach. At theHouses of Parliament the Queen sits on a # 8220 ; throne # 8221 ; in theHouse of Lords. Then she reads the # 8220 ; Queen s Speech # 8221 ; . AtState Opening of Parliament the Queen wears a Crown. Shewears other gems from the Crown Jewels, excessively. THE ORDER OF THE GARTERCeremony The Order of the Garter ceremonial has a long history. King Edward III started the Order in the 14th centur , that clip, the people in the Order were the twent , four bravest knights inEngland. Now the knights of tetrahydrocannabinol Order are nt all soldiers. They re members of the House of Lords, church leaders or politicians. There are some foreign knights, excessively. For illustration, the King of Norway, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg and the Emperor of Japan. They re called Extra Knights of the Garter. The Queen is the Sovereign of theOrder of the Garter. But she is nt the lone royal individual in the Order. Prince Charles and Prince Philip are Royal Knights, and the Queen Mother is a Lady of the Garter. In June the Order his a traditional ceremonial at Windsor Castle. This is the Queen s favorite palace. It s besides the place of the Order ~ the Garter. All the knights walk from the palace to St George s Chapel. the royal church at Windsor. They wear the traditional Clt ) tetrahydrocannabinol or robes of the Order. These robes are verv heavv. In tact King Edward VIII one time called them ridiculous . But they re an of import portion of one ot Britain s oldest traditions. THE QUEEN S CHRISTMAS SPEECH Now here s a modern royal usage. On Christmas Day at 3.00 in the afternoon the Queen makes a address on wireless and Television. It s 10 proceedingss long. In it she talks to the people of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth. The Commonwealth is a big group of states. In the yesteryear they were all in the British Empire. Australia, India, Canada and New Zealand are among the 49 members. The B.B.C. ( the British Broadcasting Corporation ) sends the Queen s address to every Commonwealth countrv. In her address the Queen negotiations about the past twelvemonth. Traditionallv in addresss, male monarchs or Queenss say # 8220 ; we # 8221 ; non # 8220 ; I # 8221 ; Queen Elizabeth II does nt make this. She says # 8220 ; My hubby and I # 8221 ; or merely I . The Queen does nt do her address onChristrnas Day. She films it a few hebdomads earlier. Then she spends Christmas with her family at Windsor. Does she watch the address on Television? Cipher knows. Songs, expressions and superstitious notions There are 1000s of traditional vocals and expressions in English. Many of them tell rocks about British historv. For illustration, here s one about the Great Plague. Ring-a-ring-a roses A pocket full of bouquets A-tishoo, a-tishoo We all fall down. The Great Plague was an unwellness and it killed 1000000s of people in Europe in the 17th century. One of the marks of the unwellness was j circle of ruddy Markss. Thev looked like roses, and that explains the first line of the vocal. In the 2nd line, bouquets are little Bunches of flowers. Peoples carried flowers because of the odor of the Plague. A-tishoo is the sound of a sneezing. That was another mark of the Plague. Then, after a few yearss, people fell down or died. How many of these traditional vocals do you cognize? Happy Birthday To You You sing this vocal at birthday parties. Peoples all over the universe sing it. Auld Lang Syne This is a vocal from Scotland. Most people merely sing it one time a twelvemonth, on New Year s Eve. Auld LangSyne means a long clip ago . The vocal says, we must neer bury old friends . God Save The Queen This is Britain s national vocal or anthem. SwallowERSTITIONS Do vou believe in good fortune and bad fortune? Most people in the universe have some superstitious notions. These are a few British superstitious notions with long traditions. Good Fortune -Black cats are lucky -Clover is a little works. Usually it has three foliages, but a few have four. A trefoil with four foliages brings good fortune. -A horseshoe over the door of a new place brings good fortune. But the horseshoe must be the right manner up. l~he fortune runs out of a horseshoe if it s upside down. -On the first twenty-four hours of the month it s lucky to state White coneies . -It s good fortune to see two magpies ( big black and white birds ) . -Catch falling foliages in fall and you ll hold good fortune. Everv foliage means a lucky month in the following twelvemonth. Bad Luck -Never open an umbrella in the house. That s really bad fortune. Never break a mirror that means seven old ages bad fortune. It s bad fortune to see merely one magpie. -Do nt walk under a ladder. -Do nt walk past soinchodyon the stepss. -The figure 13 i~ really luckless ( and Friday the 13th is a call luckless day of the month ) . Saying Here are 10 British # 8220 ; proverbs # 8221 ; or expressions. 1.Nothing ventured nil gained. You have to seek or you wo nt acquire anything. 2.One adult male s repast is another adult male s toxicant. Peoples frequently do nt wish the same things. 3. The other adult male s grass is a/way s greener. You ever think that other people s lives are better than yours. 4.Do nt look a gift Equus caballus in the oral cavity.Do nt oppugn good fortune. 5.Every cloud has a Ag liner. There s ever some Thursday ing good in bad times. 6. It s no usage shouting over spilt milk.Do nt be excessively sad after a little acciden~ . 7. Out of the sauteing pan, into the fire.From one job to another. 8. Fools haste in where angels fear to step. Stupid people do things that other people neer do. 9. You can take a Equus caballus to H2O but you can non do it imbibe. You can give a individual a opportunity, but you ca nt do him or her return it. 10. A stitch in clip saves nine. Act early and you can salvage a batch of problem. Food and drink THE ENGLISH BREAKFAST THE ENGLISH BREAKFAST In a existent English breakfast you have fried eggs, bacon, sausage, tomato and mushrooms. Then there s toast and marmalade. There s an interesting narrative about the word marmalade . It may come from the Gallic Marie est malade , or Mary is ill. That s because a seventeenth-century Queen of Scotland, Mary Queen of Scots, liked it. She ever asked for Gallic orange jam when she was badly. PANCAKES PANCAKES British people eat battercakes on Shrove Tuesday in February or March. For battercakes you need flour, eggs and milk. Then you eat them with sugar and lemon. In some parts of Britain there are pancake races on Shrove Tuesday. Peoples race with a frying pan in one manus. They have to flip the battercake, throw it in the air and catch it once more in the sauteing pan. ROAST BEEF AND YORKSHIRE Pudding This is the traditional Sunday tiffin from Yorkshire in the North of England. It is now popular all over Britain. Yorkshire pudding is non sweet. It s a simple mixture of eggs, flour and milk, but it s delightful. Two common veggies with joint beef and Yorkshire pudding are Brussels sprouts and carrots. And of class there s ever gravy. That s a midst, brown sauce. You make gravy with the juice from the meat. Haggis Haggis is a tradinonal nutrient from Scotland. You make it with meat, onions, flour, salt and Piper nigrum. Then you boil it in the tegument from a sheep s tummy yes, a sheep s tummy. In Scotland, people eat haggis on Burns Night. Robert Burns ( Scots people call him Rabbie Burns ) , was a Scots poet in the 18th century. Every twelvemonth Scots people all over the universe retrieve him and read his verse forms. Tea Tea is Britain s favorite drink. It s besides a repast in the afternoon. You can eat tea at place or in a hotel. Tea at the Ritz hotel in London is really good. You can imbibe Indian or China tea. There are cucumber sandwiches and scones. ( Scones are apparent bars. You eat them with jam and pick. ) There are chocolate bars and pick bars excessively. CHRISTMAS PUDDINGram Some people make this pudding months before Christmis. A batch of households have thcir ain Christmas pudding recipe~ . Some, for illustration, utilize a batch of brandy. Others put in a batch of fruit or add a Ag coin for good fortune. Real Christmas puddings ever have a piece of holly on the top. Holly shrubs and trees have ruddy berries at Chris~mas-ume, and so people use holly to adorn their houses for Christmas. The holly on the pudding is portion of the ornament. Besides, you can pour brandy over the pudding and light it with a lucifer. HOTCROSS BUNitrogen The first Christians in Rome made hot transverse buttockss two thousand old ages ago. But now they re an Easter tradition in Britain. Here s a storv about hot cross buttockss. In 1800 a widow lived in a house in East London. Her lone boy was a crewman and went to sea. Everv vear she made hot cross buttockss and kept one for him. He neer came back, but she kept a roll for him every twelvemonth. Then, after many, old ages, she died. Now, her house is a saloon. It s called The Widow s Son . For a long clip people remembered the widow. Every Easter they put a hot cross roll in a particular basket in the saloon. Now the tradition is different. The proprietor of the saloon sells the particular hot cross roll. Then he gives the money to the British Sailors Societv. PUBS PUBS Public houses are an of import portion of British life. People talk, eat, imbibe, run into their friends and loosen up at that place. They are unfastened at lunch period and once more in the eventide. But they close at 11.00 ( 10.30 on Lords daies ) . This surprises a batch of tourers. But vou can ever travel to Scotland the saloons near subsequently there! The word saloon is short for public house . There are 1000s in Britain, and they about all sell saloon tiffins. Oneof these is a Ploughman s Lunch a really simple repast. It s ust staff of life and cheese. Pubs besides sell beer. ( British beer is ever warm. ) The traditional sort is called # 8220 ; existent ale # 8221 ; . That # 8217 ; sa really strong beer from an old formula. An of import usage in saloon is buying a. unit of ammunition . In a group, one individual buys all the others a drink. This is a unit of ammunition . Then one by one all the other people but unit of ammunitions, excessively. If they are with friends, British people sometimes lift their spectacless before they drink and sav Cheers This means Good fortune . In the saloon in south-west Lngland there~s another traditional drink scrumpy. You make scrumpy with apples, but it s non a simple fruit juice. It s really really strong. Pub names frequently have a long tradition. Some come from the thirteenth or 14th century. Every saloon has a name and every saloon has a mark above its door. The mark shows a image of the saloon s name. Emblem Each state besides has a national emblem or mark. The English emblem is a ruddy rose. The Welsh emblem is a vegetable or bloom a scallion or a Narcissus pseudonarcissus. The Scots emblem is a wild works a thistle. And the Irish emblem is another wild plant- a white clover. It s traditional in Britain to have on your state s emblem on its saint s twenty-four hours. The scallion does nt travel in a button hole, so the Welsh frequently wear a Narcissus pseudonarcissus. These are Britain s frequenter saints and their yearss. England St George April 23rd. Ireland Si Patrick March 17th. Scotland St Andrew November 30th. Wales St David March 1st. The Scots, Welsh and English do nt truly observe their national saint s yearss. But St Patrick s Day is of import for Irish people all over the universe. In New York, for illustration, the Irish people ever have a large St Patrick s Day parade. Costumes and apparels Many British costumes and uniforms have a long history. One is the uniform of the Yeomans at the Tower of London. This came foremost from France. Another is the uniform of the Horse Guards at Horse Guards Parade, non far from Buckingham Palace. Thousands of visitants take exposure of the Horse Guards, but the Guards neer move or smiling. In fact some visitants think the Guards are nt existent. And that brings us to Britannia. She wears traditional apparels, excessively. But she # 8217 ; s non a existent individual. She is symbol of Britain. Tonss of ordinary apparels have a long tradition. The celebrated bowler chapeau, for illustration. A adult male called Beaulieu made the first one in 1850. The really cold winters in the Crimea in the war of 1853-56 gave us the names of the cardigan and the balaclava. Lord Cardigan led the Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaclava ( 1854 ) . A cardigan is now a warm woolen short coat with buttons, and a balaclava is a woolen chapeau. Another British soldier, Wellington, gave his name to a brace of boots. They have a shorter name today Wellies .raced on the river Thames and the Oxford boat won. That started a tradition. Now, every Spring, the University Boat Race goes from Putney to Mortlake on the Thames. That s 6.7 kilometers. The Cambridge oarsmans wear light blue shirts and the Oxford oarsmans wear dark blue. There are eight work forces in each boat. There s besides a cyclooxygenase . The cyclooxygenase controls the boat. Traditionally cyclooxygenases are work forces, but Susan Brown became the first adult female cyclooxygenase in 1981. She was the cyclooxygenase for Oxford and they won. RoyalAscot Ascot is a little, quiet town in the South of England. But in June for one hebdomad it becomes the Centre of the horse-racing universe. It s called Royal Ascot because the Queen ever goes to Ascot. She has a batch of race horses and likes to watch racing. But Ascot hebdomad is nt merely for horseracing. It s for manner, excessively. One adult female, Mrs Gertrude Shilling, ever wears really large chapeaus. You can see the racetrack in the image below. Wimbledon The universe s most celebrated tennis tourney is Wimbledon. It started at a little nine in south London in the 19th century. Now a batch of the nineteenth-century traditions have changed. For illustration, the adult females participants do nt hold to have on long skirts. And the work forces participants do nt hold towear long pants. But other traditions have nt changed at Wimbledon. The tribunals are still grass, and visitants still eat strawberries waterless pick. The linguistic communication of tennis has nt changed either. Did you know that love ( zero ) comes from loeuf ( the egg ) in French? THE LONDON TO BRIGHTON VINTAGE CAR RALLY Vintage autos have to be. more than fifty old ages old and in really good status. Lotsof people keep or collect vintage autos. And on the first Sunday in November there s a race or Tally for them. It starts in London and it finishes in Brighton, a town on the south seashore of England. That s a distance of 70 kilometers. Before 1896 a adult male with a ruddy flag had to walk in forepart of autos. In 1896 that changed. A group of happy drivers broke their flags and drove to Brighton. There they had a party. Now the mass meeting is a clean tradition. A batch of the people in the mass meeting wear vintage apparels, excessively. In a 1910 auto, for illustration, the driver and riders wear 1910 chapeaus and coats. BOXING DAY HUNTS Traditionally Boxing Day is a twenty-four hours for foxhunting. The hunters and huntswomen ride Equus caballuss. They use Canis familiariss, excessively. The Canis familiariss ( flim-flam hounds ) follow the odor of the fox. Then the hunters and huntswomen follow the hounds. Before a Boxing Day Hunt, the hunters and huntswomen drink hot vino. But the tradition of the December 26th Hunt is altering. Now, some people want to halt Boxing Day Hunts ( and other Hunts, excessively ) . They do nt wish foxhunting. For them it s non a athletics it s cruel. THE HIGHLAND GAMES This featuring tradition is Scots. In the Highlands ( the mountains of Scotland ) households, or kins , started the Games 100s of old ages ago. Some of the athleticss at the Games are international: the high leap and the long leap, for illustration. But other athleticss go on merely at the Highland Games. One is fliping the caber Tossing means throwing, and a caber is a long, heavy piece of wood. In fliping the caber you lift the caber ( it can be five or six meters tall ) . Then you throw it in forepart of you. At the Highland Games a batch of work forces wear kilts. These are traditional Scots skirts for work forces. But they re non all the same. Each kin has a different plaid . That s the name for the form on the kilt. So at the Highland Games there are traditional athleticss and traditional apparels. And there s traditional music, excessively, from Scotland s national instrument -the bagpipes. The bagpipes are really loud. They say Scottish soldiers played them before a conflict. The noise frightened the soldiers on the other side. THE GLORIOUS TWELFTH The grouse is a little bird. It lives in the North of England and in Scotland. It tastes really good. But people ca nt hit grouse all the clip. They can merely hit them for a few months of the twelvemonth. And the first twenty-four hours ofthe grouse season is August 12th. On that twenty-four hours, the glorious twelfth , huntsmans send their grouse to London eating houses. There, people wait for the first grouse of the twelvemonth. But there s good intelligence for the grouse, excessively the season ends on December 10th each twelvemonth! The Humanistic disciplines THE PROMS Do you like classical music? Every summer in London thereare two months of particular concerts at the Royal Albert Hall. These are the Proms . Sir Henry Wood started the Proms ( short for promenade concerts ) in the 19th century Now they re a tradition in British musical life. A batch of immature people go to the Proms. They buy inexpensive tickets and stand up for the concerts. They are the promenaders . There are seats excessively, but the tickets for those cost more. The music at the Proms comes from some of the best vocalists and orchestras in the universe. And on the last dark there s a large party at the Royal Albert Hall. Peoples bring balloons and paper chapeaus. The orchestra dramas popular classical music and at the terminal everyone sings Rule Britannia . THEATRE TRADITIONS Actors have tonss of traditions and superstitious notions. For illustration, you do nt state good fortune to an histrion. You say interrupt a leg It s unusual but true. Good fortune is bad fortune. Besides, histrions neer say the name of Shakespeare s celebrated drama Macbeth . They ever call it The Scots Play . In theatres the name Macbeth brings bad fortune. A 3rd tradition is about whistling. You must neer whistle in a theatre dressing room. Person who whistles must travel out of the room and bend around three times. Merely affer that, can they strike hard on the door and come in once more. THE EDINBURGH FESTIVAL Every August, Edinburgh in Scotland has the biggest art festival in Europe. There are dramas, concerts and exhibitions from states all over the universe. That s the official festival. But there s an unofficial festival, excessively. This is called the Edinburgh Fringe . At the Fringe, visitants can see cheaper concerts and dramas by pupils. Mime Pantomimes are traditional British dramas. They are for kids, and you them at Christmas. Some celebrated dumb shows are: Curienderella, Aladdin, Peter PaNand Babes in the Wood.A batch of these narratives are really old. In dumb show there s ever a immature hero. He s the Principal Boy, but the histrion is normally a adult female. Besides, there s ever a good story, old adult female. She s the Pantomime. Eisteddfod An Eisteddfod is an humanistic disciplines festival in Wales. Peoples sing and read their poesy in the Welsh linguistic communication. The Welsh name for there poets is bards . Peoples besides play music. The harp is really popular in Wales. You can ever hear harp music at an Eisteddfod. But Eisteddfods are nt lust festivals. They re besides competitions to happen the best vocalists, instrumentalists and poets in Wales. London Britain s capital metropolis is full of traditions and imposts. Here s aguide to merely a few of them. THE LORD MAYOR S Show Every twelvemonth there s a new Lord Mayor of London. The Mayor is the metropolis s traditional leader. And the 2nd Saturday in November is ever the twenty-four hours for the Lord Mayor s Show.This cercnionv is over six hundred old ages old. It s besides London s biggest parade. The Lord Mayor drives to the Royal Courts of Justice ( near Fleet Street ) in a manager. The manager is two hundred old ages old. It s ruddy and gold and it has six Equus caballuss. You can see it in the image above. There s besides a large parade. Peoples make particular costumes and act narratives from London s history. THE NOTTING HILL CARNIVAL This is Europe s biggest street carnival. A batch of people in the Notting Hill country of London come from the West Indies a group of islands in the Caribbean. And for two yearss in August, Notting Hill isthe West Indies. There s West Indian nutrient and music in the streets. There s besides a large parade and people dance twenty-four hours and dark. PEARLY KINGS AND QUEENS Londoners from the E of the citv are Cockneys . There are a batch of traditional Cockney looks. For illustration, Cockneys do nt state stepss they say apples and pears . And they do nt sav face they say boat race . This is Cockney riming slang. The Cocknevs have male monarchs and Queenss, excessively the pearly male monarchs and Queenss. They wear speLial costumes on of import yearss. Each costume has 1000s of pearl buttons. THE TOWER OF LONDON William the Conqueror and his ground forces landed in England from France in the twelvemonth 1066. In 1078 he started to construct theTower of London. Now, nine hundred old ages subsequently, this celebrated palace is full of history and tradition. The guards at the Tower are called Beefeaters. Uheir name comes from a Gallic word boufitiers.Boufitiers were guards in the castles of Gallic male monarchs. They proiceted the male monarch s nutrient. You will see some big, black birds at the Tower of London. Fliese are the Corvus coraxs at the Tower. Ravens have lived al the Tower of London for 100s of vears. Peoples go to see the Beefeaters and the Corvus coraxs, but that s notall. Visitors to the Tower go to see the Crown Jewel, too.There are eight Crowns. There are besides a batch of other verv celebrated gems in the gem room. In fact the Crown Jewels arc the biggest tourer attractive force in London. In the eventide there is another old usage at the l~ower of London the Ceremony of the Keys. At 9.53 precisely, the Beefeaters close the Tower. Then at 10.00 they give the keys to the Governor of the Tower. That s because a long clip ago the Tower of London was a prison for of import captives: Anne Boleyn ( Henry VIII s 2nd married woman ) , Sir Walter Raleigh, Guy Fawkes, and many others. Everyday life Everyday life Talk ABOUT THE WEATHER The British talk about the conditions a batch. For illustration, Is nt it a beautiful forenoon? or, # 8217 ; Very cold today, is nt it? They talk about the conditions because it changes so frequently. Wind, rain, sun cloud, snow they can all go on in a British winter or a British summer. QUEUEING At British Bankss, stores, film, theatres or bus Michigans you can ever see people in waiting lines. They stand in a line and delay softly, frequently for a long clip. Each new individual stands at the terminal of the waiting line sometimes in rain, air current or snow. Shaking Handss Hundreds of old ages ago, soldiers began this usage. They shook custodies to demo that they did nt hold a blade. Now, agitating custodies is a usage in most states. In Britain you do nt agitate custodies with your friends and familv. But you doagitate custodies when you meet a individual for the first clip. You besides sav How make you make? This is non reallv a inquiry, it s a tradition. The right reply is exactlv the same, How make you make? Card games The British sen d birthday cards and frequently give birthday nowadayss. There are cards for other yearss, excessively: Christmas cards, Valentine s Dav cards, Mother s Day cards, Father s Day cards, Easter cards, Marrying Anniversary cards, Good Luck cards, Praises On Your New Baby cards, and Get Well Soon cards. Party It s the usage to hold a party to observe: A individual s birthday A new house Christmas ( at place, and frequently in offices, excessively ) An battle ( a promise to get married ) A nuptials ( matrimony ) New Year s Eve TungstenRONGSideOFTHE Bed When people are bad tempered we say that they must hold got out of bed on the incorrect side. Originally, it was meant quiet literally. Peoples believe that the manner they rose inthe forenoon affected their behaviour throughout the twenty-four hours. The incorrect side of the bed was the left side. The left ever holding beenlinked with immorality. BlowingOUTTHE CAND CANDLES The usage of holding tapers on birthday bars goes backto the ancient Greeks. Believers of Artemis, goddess of the Moon and hunting, used to put honey bars on the communion tables of her temples on her birthday. The bars were round like the full Moon and lit with tapers. This usage was following recorded in the in-between ages when German provincials illuminated tapers on birthday bars, the figure lit bespeaking the individual s age, plus an excess one to stand for the visible radiation of life. From earliest yearss firing tapers had been endued with mystical significance and it was believedthat when blown out they had the power to allow a secret want and guarantee a happy twelvemonth in front.